{"id":16017,"date":"2026-09-09T06:46:06","date_gmt":"2026-09-09T06:46:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hndfcrane.com\/?post_type=posts&#038;p=16017"},"modified":"2026-09-09T09:40:34","modified_gmt":"2026-09-09T09:40:34","slug":"crane-drum-web-to-shaft-weld-crack-cause-analysis","status":"publish","type":"posts","link":"https:\/\/www.hndfcrane.com\/ar\/posts\/crane-drum-web-to-shaft-weld-crack-cause-analysis\/","title":{"rendered":"\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u062a\u0634\u0642\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0647\u0627"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"wp-block-rank-math-toc-block\" id=\"rank-math-toc\"><p>\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/p><nav><ul><li><a href=\"#1-relationship-between-the-crane-drum-web-plate-hub-and-shaft\">1. \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#2-why-the-crack-appears-near-the-drum-shaft-side\">2. \u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0629\u061f<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"#2-1-stress-concentration-from-a-sudden-section-change\">2.1 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u062c\u0626 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0637\u0639<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#2-2-cyclic-stress-and-impact-loading\">2.2 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0648\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#2-3-welding-residual-stress\">2.3 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0642\u064a \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><a href=\"#3-development-process-of-the-web-plate-crack\">3. \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0634\u0642\u0642 \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0628<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#4-common-causes-of-crane-drum-web-to-shaft-weld-cracking\">4. \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0634\u0642\u0642 \u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0647\u0627<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"#4-1-structural-design-factors\">4.1 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0626\u064a<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#4-2-welding-quality-factors\">4.2 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#4-3-operating-loads-beyond-design-conditions\">4.3 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#4-4-manufacturing-and-assembly-errors\">4.4 \u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#4-5-corrosion-and-environmental-factors\">4.5 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><a href=\"#5-inspection-repair-and-prevention-measures\">5. \u062a\u062f\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0629<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>\u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u062a\u0634\u0642\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629\u064b \u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0634\u0642\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u0641\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0627\u0641\u0639\u0629\u064d \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629. \u0648\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0648\u0643\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1080\" height=\"720\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hndfcrane.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Cracking-of-the-weld-between-the-drum-web-and-the-drum-shaft.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-16020\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0642\u0642 \u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0647\u0627<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1477\" height=\"1065\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hndfcrane.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Schematic-diagram-of-the-cracking-location-in-the-weld-between-the-drum-web-and-the-drum-shaft.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-16021\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0642 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0629<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"1-relationship-between-the-crane-drum-web-plate-hub-and-shaft\">1. \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0639\u060c \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0651 \u0633\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u0644 \u0648\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0623\u0648 \u0633\u062d\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629. \u064a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0633\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u0644\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0631\u062a\u0651\u0628 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0635\u0641\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0634\u0628\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0631\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0644\u0631\u0628\u0637\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u060c \u062a\u064f\u0644\u062d\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u064a\u0629. \u062b\u0645 \u062a\u064f\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d\u060c \u0648\u064a\u064f\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0645\u0644. \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c \u062a\u064f\u0644\u062d\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629\u064b \u0628\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0644\u0630\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0651 \u0635\u0641\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0635\u0641\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0631\u0628\u0637\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0647\u0627. \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0634\u0642\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0643\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u061b \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u062f\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0642\u0642\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0635\u0641\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"2-why-the-crack-appears-near-the-drum-shaft-side\">2. \u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0629\u061f<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0635\u0641\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0635\u0641\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0642\u062f \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647: \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u062c\u0626 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0637\u0639\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"2-1-stress-concentration-from-a-sudden-section-change\">2.1 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u062c\u0626 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0637\u0639<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0633\u0645\u064a\u0643 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u0641\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0631\u0642. \u0648\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645\u060c \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0643\u062a\u0641 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644. \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0642\u0637\u0631 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\u0648\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0644\u0641 \u0633\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u0644 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0629. \u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0641 \u0648\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0651\u0636 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 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\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062f\u0639 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"3-development-process-of-the-web-plate-crack\">3. \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0634\u0642\u0642 \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0628<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u064a \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0621. \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062c\u0630\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0642\u0642 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0642\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631. \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0641\u0639\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649. \u064a\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0642 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u062d\u0628\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u064a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0633\u0631 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0634\u0639\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0642\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0633\u0631. \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0642\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0642\u062f \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0643\u0633\u0631 \u0647\u0634 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u062c\u0626\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0645\u0632\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0641\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"4-common-causes-of-crane-drum-web-to-shaft-weld-cracking\">4. \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0634\u0642\u0642 \u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0647\u0627<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"4-1-structural-design-factors\">4.1 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0626\u064a<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0635\u0641\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u064a\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0641\u062c\u0623\u0629. \u0648\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0645\u0643 \u0635\u0641\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064d\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0627\u0645\u0634 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064d \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629\u064b \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u064a\u0642\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064d \u0628\u062f\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"4-2-welding-quality-factors\">4.2 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u062b\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0636\u060c \u0648\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645. \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0629 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\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0646\u0646\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0643\u062b\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u062d \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u064f\u0648\u0644\u0651\u062f \u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0635\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629. \u0648\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0633\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064d\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"4-4-manufacturing-and-assembly-errors\">4.4 \u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0636\u064a\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u0636\u0641\u0627\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064d. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u064a\u062a\u062d\u062f \u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"4-5-corrosion-and-environmental-factors\">4.5 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0631\u0637\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u062f\u0621 \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 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