{"id":16528,"date":"2026-10-23T06:47:47","date_gmt":"2026-10-23T06:47:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hndfcrane.com\/?post_type=posts&#038;p=16528"},"modified":"2026-10-23T06:47:50","modified_gmt":"2026-10-23T06:47:50","slug":"magnetic-particle-testing-vs-penetrant-testing","status":"publish","type":"posts","link":"https:\/\/www.hndfcrane.com\/cs\/posts\/magnetic-particle-testing-vs-penetrant-testing\/","title":{"rendered":"Magnetick\u00e9 pr\u00e1\u0161kov\u00e9 zkou\u0161en\u00ed VS. kapil\u00e1rn\u00ed zkou\u0161en\u00ed: V\u00fdb\u011br spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 metody pro kontrolu svar\u016f je\u0159\u00e1bem"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"wp-block-rank-math-toc-block\" id=\"rank-math-toc\"><p>Obsah<\/p><nav><ul><li><a href=\"#1-what-do-magnetic-particle-testing-and-penetrant-testing-detect\">1. Co detekuje magnetopra\u0161n\u00e9 a penetra\u010dn\u00ed testov\u00e1n\u00ed?<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#2-principles-magnetic-flux-leakage-vs-capillary-action\">2. Principy: Magnetick\u00fd \u00fanik vs. kapil\u00e1rn\u00ed p\u016fsoben\u00ed<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#3-material-selection-the-first-decision-point\">3. V\u00fdb\u011br materi\u00e1lu: Prvn\u00ed bod rozhodnut\u00ed<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#4-advantages-and-limitations\">4. V\u00fdhody a omezen\u00ed<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#5-practical-points-for-crane-weld-inspection\">5. Praktick\u00e9 body pro kontrolu svar\u016f je\u0159\u00e1bem<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#6-common-misunderstandings\">6. B\u011b\u017en\u00e9 nedorozum\u011bn\u00ed<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#conclusion\">Z\u00e1v\u011br<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Kontrola svarov\u00fdch povrch\u016f je nezbytn\u00e1 pro mostov\u00e9 je\u0159\u00e1by, port\u00e1lov\u00e9 je\u0159\u00e1by, oto\u010dn\u00e9 je\u0159\u00e1by a dal\u0161\u00ed ocelov\u00e9 konstrukce. Magnetick\u00e1 zkou\u0161ka pr\u00e1\u0161kovou metodou (MT) a penetra\u010dn\u00ed zkou\u0161ka (PT) jsou dv\u011b b\u011b\u017en\u011b pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 metody. MT se spol\u00e9h\u00e1 na magnetick\u00e9 pole, zat\u00edmco PT se spol\u00e9h\u00e1 na kapil\u00e1rn\u00ed p\u016fsoben\u00ed. MT je omezena na feromagnetick\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly, zat\u00edmco PT nem\u00e1 \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 po\u017eadavky na magnetick\u00fd materi\u00e1l. Volba nespr\u00e1vn\u00e9 metody m\u016f\u017ee v\u00e9st k tomu, \u017ee vada z\u016fstane neodhalena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1000\" height=\"666\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hndfcrane.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Magnetic-Particle-Testing-VS-Penetrant-Testing.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-16541\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"1-what-do-magnetic-particle-testing-and-penetrant-testing-detect\">1. Co detekuje magnetopra\u0161n\u00e9 a penetra\u010dn\u00ed testov\u00e1n\u00ed?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Ob\u011b metody kontroluj\u00ed povrchov\u00e9 vady, ale jejich detek\u010dn\u00ed rozsahy a po\u017eadavky na materi\u00e1l se li\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><thead><tr><th>Srovn\u00e1n\u00ed<\/th><th>Magnetick\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sticov\u00e9 testov\u00e1n\u00ed (MT)<\/th><th>Penetra\u010dn\u00ed testov\u00e1n\u00ed (PT)<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Dosah detekce<\/td><td>Povrchov\u00e9 a bl\u00edzkopovrchov\u00e9 vady<\/td><td>Pouze vady naru\u0161uj\u00edc\u00ed povrch<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Pou\u017eiteln\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly<\/td><td>Feromagnetick\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly, jako je uhl\u00edkov\u00e1 ocel, n\u00edzkolegovan\u00e1 ocel a martenzitick\u00e1 nebo feritick\u00e1 nerezov\u00e1 ocel<\/td><td>Nepor\u00e9zn\u00ed materi\u00e1ly, v\u010detn\u011b nerezov\u00e9 oceli, hlin\u00edku, m\u011bdi, keramiky, plast\u016f, uhl\u00edkov\u00e9 oceli a n\u00edzkolegovan\u00e9 oceli<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Vnit\u0159n\u00ed vady<\/td><td>Nelze je detekovat<\/td><td>Nelze je detekovat<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Typick\u00e9 vady<\/td><td>Povrchov\u00e9 trhliny, trhliny bl\u00edzko povrchu, p\u0159ekryt\u00ed a \u0161vy<\/td><td>Trhliny naru\u0161uj\u00edc\u00ed povrch, p\u00f3rovitost a otev\u0159en\u00fd nedostatek svar\u016f<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Jednodu\u0161e \u0159e\u010deno, MT dok\u00e1\u017ee detekovat defekty kr\u00e1tce pod povrchem, ale pouze ve feromagnetick\u00fdch materi\u00e1lech. PT detekuje pouze defekty spojen\u00e9 s povrchem, ale lze jej pou\u017e\u00edt na \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed \u0161k\u00e1lu materi\u00e1l\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pozn\u00e1mka: Detek\u010dn\u00ed hloubka MT v bl\u00edzkosti povrchu se b\u011b\u017en\u011b ch\u00e1pe jako p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 1\u20132 mm pod povrchem. Skute\u010dn\u00e1 hloubka z\u00e1vis\u00ed na metod\u011b magnetizace a velikosti defektu a neexistuje jedin\u00e1 jednotn\u00e1 n\u00e1rodn\u00ed definice. M\u011bl by se \u0159\u00eddit p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00fdm inspek\u010dn\u00edm postupem. Hlub\u0161\u00ed defekty by m\u011bly b\u00fdt zkoum\u00e1ny pomoc\u00ed ultrafiltrace (UT) nebo reverzn\u00ed tokoferolizace (RT).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"2-principles-magnetic-flux-leakage-vs-capillary-action\">2. Principy: Magnetick\u00fd \u00fanik vs. kapil\u00e1rn\u00ed p\u016fsoben\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"mt-magnetic-flux-leakage-attracts-particles\">Testov\u00e1n\u00ed magnetick\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1stic: \u00danik magnetick\u00e9ho toku p\u0159itahuje \u010d\u00e1stice<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Kdy\u017e je feromagnetick\u00fd materi\u00e1l zmagnetizov\u00e1n, magnetick\u00fd tok j\u00edm proch\u00e1z\u00ed ur\u010dit\u00fdm sm\u011brem. Pokud se na povrchu nebo v jeho bl\u00edzkosti nach\u00e1z\u00ed trhlina, p\u00f3r nebo jin\u00e1 vada, tok se oh\u00fdb\u00e1 a unik\u00e1 z materi\u00e1lu, \u010d\u00edm\u017e vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed rozptylov\u00e9 pole. Magnetick\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1stice se shroma\u017e\u010fuj\u00ed v rozptylov\u00e9m poli a odhaluj\u00ed m\u00edsto defektu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pokud je defekt rovnob\u011b\u017en\u00fd s magnetick\u00fdm tokem, m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt rozptylov\u00e9 pole p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 slab\u00e9 pro vytvo\u0159en\u00ed jasn\u00e9 indikace. MT proto obvykle pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 dva vz\u00e1jemn\u011b kolm\u00e9 sm\u011bry magnetizace. U je\u0159\u00e1bov\u00fdch svar\u016f se metoda jha b\u011b\u017en\u011b pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 jednou pod\u00e9l svaru a jednou nap\u0159\u00ed\u010d n\u00edm. K\u0159\u00ed\u017eov\u00e9 jho m\u016f\u017ee tak\u00e9 pomoci zakr\u00fdt defekty v r\u016fzn\u00fdch orientac\u00edch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1200\" height=\"800\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hndfcrane.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Magnetic-Particle-Inspection-for-Crane-Wheel.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-16534\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"pt-penetrant-enters-the-defect-and-developer-draws-it-out\">Penetra\u010dn\u00ed testov\u00e1n\u00ed: Penetrant vstupuje do defektu a v\u00fdvojka ho vytahuje ven.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>P\u0159i PT se penetrant nan\u00e1\u0161\u00ed na povrch obrobku a pronik\u00e1 do povrchov\u00fdch defekt\u016f kapil\u00e1rn\u00edm p\u016fsoben\u00edm. P\u0159ebyte\u010dn\u00fd penetrant se pot\u00e9 odstran\u00ed a nanese se v\u00fdvojka. Penetrant uvnit\u0159 defektu je nas\u00e1v\u00e1n zp\u011bt na povrch a vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed viditelnou indikaci.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Vada mus\u00ed b\u00fdt otev\u0159en\u00e1 sm\u011brem k povrchu. Pokud je trhlina zablokov\u00e1na oxidick\u00fdmi okuji, struskou ze sva\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed, barvou nebo jinou kontaminac\u00ed, penetrant do n\u00ed nem\u016f\u017ee vstoupit a PT ji nemus\u00ed odhalit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"3-material-selection-the-first-decision-point\">3. V\u00fdb\u011br materi\u00e1lu: Prvn\u00ed bod rozhodnut\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"mt-is-limited-to-ferromagnetic-materials\">Magnetick\u00e9 testov\u00e1n\u00ed \u010d\u00e1stic je omezeno na feromagnetick\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Uhl\u00edkov\u00e1 ocel a n\u00edzkolegovan\u00e1 ocel, jako nap\u0159\u00edklad Q235, Q355 a Q390, jsou feromagnetick\u00e9 a lze je kontrolovat metodou MT. Austenitick\u00e1 nerezov\u00e1 ocel, v\u010detn\u011b \u0159ad 304 a 316, stejn\u011b jako hlin\u00edk, m\u011b\u010f a titan, je neferomagnetick\u00e1 a nelze je kontrolovat metodou MT.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"pt-is-suitable-for-non-porous-materials\">Penetra\u010dn\u00ed testov\u00e1n\u00ed je vhodn\u00e9 pro nepor\u00e9zn\u00ed materi\u00e1ly<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>PT nevy\u017eaduje magnetick\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly, ale povrch mus\u00ed b\u00fdt nepor\u00e9zn\u00ed. PT m\u016f\u017ee kontrolovat nerezovou ocel, hlin\u00edk, m\u011b\u010f, keramiku, plasty, uhl\u00edkovou ocel a n\u00edzkolegovanou ocel. Por\u00e9zn\u00ed materi\u00e1ly, jako je litina a d\u00edly vyroben\u00e9 pr\u00e1\u0161kovou metalurgi\u00ed, jsou obecn\u011b nevhodn\u00e9, proto\u017ee penetrant m\u016f\u017ee proniknout do p\u00f3r\u016f a vytv\u00e1\u0159et fale\u0161n\u00e9 indikace.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"selection-principle-for-structural-welds\">Princip v\u00fdb\u011bru pro konstruk\u010dn\u00ed svary<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Podle \u010dl\u00e1nku 8.2.6 normy GB 50661-2011 by se u feromagnetick\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f m\u011bly prov\u00e1d\u011bt povrchov\u00e9 nedokonalosti metodou magnetick\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1stic. Pokud nelze pou\u017e\u00edt magnetickou metodu (MT), m\u011bla by se pou\u017e\u00edt penetra\u010dn\u00ed zkou\u0161ka. U b\u011b\u017en\u00fdch mostov\u00fdch a hutn\u00edch je\u0159\u00e1bov\u00fdch konstrukc\u00ed je MT obvykle prvn\u00ed volbou pro svary uhl\u00edkov\u00e9 a n\u00edzkolegovan\u00e9 oceli, zat\u00edmco PT se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 pro svary austenitick\u00e9 nerezov\u00e9 oceli a hlin\u00edkov\u00e9 konstrukce.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"4-advantages-and-limitations\">4. V\u00fdhody a omezen\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><thead><tr><th>Srovn\u00e1n\u00ed<\/th><th>Magnetick\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sticov\u00e9 testov\u00e1n\u00ed (MT)<\/th><th>Penetra\u010dn\u00ed testov\u00e1n\u00ed (PT)<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Rychlost inspekce<\/td><td>Rychl\u00e9 a vhodn\u00e9 pro d\u00e1vkovou kontrolu<\/td><td>Pomalej\u0161\u00ed, proto\u017ee penetrace, \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed a v\u00fdvoj zaberou \u010das<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Citlivost<\/td><td>Vysok\u00e1 citlivost na povrchov\u00e9 a bl\u00edzkopovrchov\u00e9 trhliny<\/td><td>Vysok\u00e1 citlivost na povrchov\u00e9 vady<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>N\u00e1klady<\/td><td>Obvykle ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed<\/td><td>N\u00e1klady na spot\u0159ebn\u00ed materi\u00e1l pro penetra\u010dn\u00ed a v\u00fdvojkovou l\u00e1tku<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Po\u017eadavky na povrch<\/td><td>Olej, rez a rozst\u0159iky ze sva\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed mus\u00ed b\u00fdt odstran\u011bny<\/td><td>Povrch mus\u00ed b\u00fdt \u010dist\u00fd, such\u00fd a bez n\u00e1t\u011br\u016f<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>O\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed po inspekci<\/td><td>M\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt nutn\u00e1 demagnetizace a \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed<\/td><td>Zbytky penetrantu a v\u00fdvojky mus\u00ed b\u00fdt odstran\u011bny<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Omezen\u00ed<\/td><td>Pouze feromagnetick\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly; defekty s nep\u0159\u00edznivou orientac\u00ed mohou b\u00fdt p\u0159ehl\u00e9dnuty<\/td><td>Pouze povrchov\u00e9 vady; nevhodn\u00e9 pro por\u00e9zn\u00ed materi\u00e1ly<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"5-practical-points-for-crane-weld-inspection\">5. Praktick\u00e9 body pro kontrolu svar\u016f je\u0159\u00e1bem<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"mt\">Testov\u00e1n\u00ed magnetick\u00fdmi \u010d\u00e1sticemi<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Pou\u017eijte alespo\u0148 dva vz\u00e1jemn\u011b kolm\u00e9 sm\u011bry magnetizace, abyste sn\u00ed\u017eili riziko p\u0159ehl\u00e9dnut\u00ed trhlin z\u00e1visl\u00fdch na orientaci.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Odstra\u0148te olej, rez a rozst\u0159ik sva\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed. V z\u00e1vislosti na postupu zvolte kontinu\u00e1ln\u00ed nebo zbytkovou metodu.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Po testov\u00e1n\u00ed v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b pot\u0159eby demagnetizujte. Pro pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed fluorescen\u010dn\u00edch \u010d\u00e1stic pou\u017eijte ultrafialov\u00e9 sv\u011btlo a pro nefluorescen\u010dn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1stice odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00ed b\u00edl\u00e9 sv\u011btlo.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1706\" height=\"1136\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hndfcrane.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Magnetic-Particle-Testing-for-Jib-Crane.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-16537\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hndfcrane.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Magnetic-Particle-Testing-for-Jib-Crane.jpg 1706w, https:\/\/www.hndfcrane.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Magnetic-Particle-Testing-for-Jib-Crane-1536x1023.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1706px) 100vw, 1706px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"pt\">Penetra\u010dn\u00ed testov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Odstra\u0148te olej, rez, povlaky a strusku od sva\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed, aby nedo\u0161lo k ucp\u00e1n\u00ed otvor\u016f po vad\u00e1ch.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Dobu prodlevy nastavte podle pokyn\u016f k produktu a p\u00edsemn\u00e9ho postupu. Obvykle se jedn\u00e1 o 5\u201360 minut, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e pro kontrolu svar\u016f p\u0159i pokojov\u00e9 teplot\u011b se \u010dasto pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 10\u201330 minut, a nesm\u00ed b\u00fdt krat\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e doba doporu\u010den\u00e1 v\u00fdrobcem.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Teplota obrobku, testovan\u00e9ho povrchu a okoln\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed, s v\u00fdjimkou su\u0161en\u00ed, by m\u011bla b\u00fdt obecn\u011b 10\u201350 \u00b0C. Pokud podm\u00ednky nespadaj\u00ed do tohoto rozmez\u00ed, pou\u017eijte p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e1 ustanoven\u00ed norem GB\/T 18851.5 a GB\/T 18851.6.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Vyhn\u011bte se nadm\u011brn\u00e9mu nebo nedostate\u010dn\u00e9mu \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed. Nan\u00e1\u0161ejte v\u00fdvojku v tenk\u00e9, rovnom\u011brn\u00e9 vrstv\u011b a po kontrole odstra\u0148te zbytky penetrantu a v\u00fdvojky.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"6-common-misunderstandings\">6. B\u011b\u017en\u00e9 nedorozum\u011bn\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"mt-and-pt-are-interchangeable\">Magnetick\u00e9 pr\u00e1\u0161kov\u00e9 testov\u00e1n\u00ed a penetra\u010dn\u00ed testov\u00e1n\u00ed jsou zam\u011bniteln\u00e9<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Nejsou. MT je omezeno na feromagnetick\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly, zat\u00edmco PT je citliv\u00e9 pouze na povrchov\u00e9 vady.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"pt-can-detect-near-surface-defects\">Penetra\u010dn\u00ed testov\u00e1n\u00ed dok\u00e1\u017ee odhalit defekty bl\u00edzko povrchu<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Nem\u016f\u017ee. Vady bl\u00edzko povrchu se obecn\u011b zkoumaj\u00ed pomoc\u00ed MT, zat\u00edmco hlub\u0161\u00ed vnit\u0159n\u00ed vady by se m\u011bly zkoumat pomoc\u00ed UT nebo RT.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"mt-is-always-more-sensitive-than-pt\">Magnetick\u00e9 pr\u00e1\u0161kov\u00e9 testov\u00e1n\u00ed je v\u017edy citliv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e penetra\u010dn\u00ed testov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Ne nutn\u011b. PT m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt vysoce citliv\u00fd na trhliny naru\u0161uj\u00edc\u00ed povrch, zat\u00edmco MT m\u016f\u017ee tak\u00e9 odhalit defekty bl\u00edzko povrchu. Skute\u010dn\u00fd v\u00fdsledek z\u00e1vis\u00ed na postupu, stavu povrchu a charakteristik\u00e1ch defektu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"mt-or-pt-eliminates-the-need-for-internal-inspection\">Magnetick\u00e9 pr\u00e1\u0161kov\u00e9 testov\u00e1n\u00ed nebo penetra\u010dn\u00ed testov\u00e1n\u00ed eliminuje pot\u0159ebu vnit\u0159n\u00ed kontroly<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Nen\u00ed tomu tak. MT a PT nemohou nahradit vnit\u0159n\u00ed kontrolu. Vnit\u0159n\u00ed p\u00f3rovitost, struskov\u00e9 vm\u011bstky, nedostatek svar\u016f a vnit\u0159n\u00ed trhliny by m\u011bly b\u00fdt zkoum\u00e1ny pomoc\u00ed UT nebo RT.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"every-stainless-steel-weld-must-use-pt\">Ka\u017ed\u00fd svar nerezov\u00e9 oceli mus\u00ed b\u00fdt testov\u00e1n penetrantem.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Na jakosti z\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed. Austenitick\u00e1 nerezov\u00e1 ocel \u0159ady 304 a 316 je obecn\u011b neferomagnetick\u00e1 a m\u011bla by se pro ni pou\u017e\u00edvat PT (patice PT). Martenzitick\u00e1 nerezov\u00e1 ocel \u0159ady 410 a 420 a feritick\u00e1 nerezov\u00e1 ocel \u0159ady 430 jsou feromagnetick\u00e9 a lze pro n\u011b pou\u017e\u00edt MT (magnetick\u00e1 odezva). Duplexn\u00ed nerezov\u00e1 ocel 2205 m\u00e1 tak\u00e9 ur\u010ditou magnetickou odezvu, ale jej\u00ed citlivost je obecn\u011b ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e u uhl\u00edkov\u00e9 oceli. Nerezov\u00e1 ocel by nem\u011bla b\u00fdt za\u0159azena do PT bez kontroly jakosti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"conclusion\">Z\u00e1v\u011br<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Rozd\u00edl mezi MT a PT lze shrnout do t\u0159\u00ed bod\u016f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Detek\u010dn\u00ed rozsah: MT detekuje povrchov\u00e9 a bl\u00edzkopovrchov\u00e9 vady, zat\u00edmco PT detekuje pouze povrchov\u00e9 vady naru\u0161uj\u00edc\u00ed strukturu.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Pou\u017eiteln\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly: MT je omezen na feromagnetick\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly, zat\u00edmco PT je vhodn\u00fd pro nepor\u00e9zn\u00ed materi\u00e1ly.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Princip v\u00fdb\u011bru: Pro feromagnetick\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly pou\u017eijte nejprve MT; pokud MT nelze pou\u017e\u00edt, pou\u017eijte PT.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Pro b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 ocelov\u00e9 svary v <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hndfcrane.com\/cs\/overhead-cranes\/\">mostov\u00e9 je\u0159\u00e1by<\/a>U port\u00e1lov\u00fdch je\u0159\u00e1b\u016f a oto\u010dn\u00fdch je\u0159\u00e1b\u016f zva\u017ete nejprve MT pro uhl\u00edkovou ocel a n\u00edzkolegovanou ocel a PT pro austenitick\u00e9 nerezov\u00e9 oceli a hlin\u00edkov\u00e9 konstrukce. Ani jedna z metod nenahrazuje UT ani RT pro vnit\u0159n\u00ed vady svar\u016f.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Weld surface inspection is essential for overhead cranes, gantry cranes, jib cranes, and other steel structures. Magnetic particle testing (MT) and penetrant testing (PT) are two commonly used methods. MT relies on a magnetic field, while PT relies on capillary action. MT is limited to ferromagnetic materials, whereas PT has no magnetic-material requirement. Choosing the [&hellip;]","protected":false},"featured_media":16541,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"template":"single-SEO-Table.php","posts_category":[197],"posts_tag":[807],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hndfcrane.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/xmxposts\/16528"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hndfcrane.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/xmxposts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hndfcrane.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/posts"}],"version-history":[{"count":11,"href":"https:\/\/www.hndfcrane.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/xmxposts\/16528\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":16542,"href":"https:\/\/www.hndfcrane.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/xmxposts\/16528\/revisions\/16542"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hndfcrane.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/16541"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hndfcrane.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=16528"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"posts_category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hndfcrane.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts_category?post=16528"},{"taxonomy":"posts_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hndfcrane.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts_tag?post=16528"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}