{"id":6875,"date":"2017-04-21T05:22:15","date_gmt":"2017-04-21T05:22:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hndfcrane.com\/posts\/discussion-on-the-safety-performance-of-the-crane-brakes\/"},"modified":"2024-09-09T07:16:15","modified_gmt":"2024-09-09T07:16:15","slug":"discussion-on-the-safety-performance-of-the-crane-brakes","status":"publish","type":"posts","link":"https:\/\/www.hndfcrane.com\/cs\/posts\/discussion-on-the-safety-performance-of-the-crane-brakes\/","title":{"rendered":"Diskuse o bezpe\u010dnostn\u00edm v\u00fdkonu je\u0159\u00e1bov\u00fdch brzd"},"content":{"rendered":"

\""\"<\/p>\r\n

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1. Je\u0159\u00e1bov\u00e1 brzda se vymkla kontrole a zp\u016fsobuje ztr\u00e1ty<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

9. b\u0159ezna\u010dt<\/sup>, 2003. Vodn\u00ed elektr\u00e1rna Dahua ve stavebn\u00edch prac\u00edch zadala pr\u00e1ce na \u00fadr\u017eb\u011b elektr\u00e1rny Zuojiang, pracovn\u00ed pl\u00e1n lisu zase reinkarna\u010dn\u00ed instalace. P\u0159ed jedn\u00e1n\u00edm prob\u011bhly kurzy, prov\u00e1d\u011bly operace p\u0159ed pracovn\u00edmi opat\u0159en\u00edmi a bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed technick\u00e9 zkou\u0161ky, p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00fd person\u00e1l je p\u0159ipraven za\u010d\u00edt pracovat. Dobr\u00fd b\u011b\u017eec ku\u017eel ve zved\u00e1n\u00ed, zkuste zav\u011bsit celkov\u00fd jezdec po tom sam\u00e9m, 10:28 za\u010dal stroj zved\u00e1n\u00ed j\u00e1my, 10:30 p\u0159i ot\u00e1\u010den\u00ed je\u0159\u00e1bem do j\u00e1my stroje a decentralizace cca 3m, most je najednou mimo kontrolu, zat\u00e1\u010den\u00ed zrychluje m\u00edsto pobytu. P\u0159i tomto procesu prasknou brzdy mostn\u00edho stroje, praskne ozuben\u00e9 kolo p\u0159evodovky, lano se odtrhne a odbo\u010d\u00ed do j\u00e1my stroje.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

P\u0159edb\u011b\u017en\u00e1 p\u0159\u00ed\u010dina anal\u00fdzy hav\u00e1rie mostn\u00edho stroje p\u0159i zvednut\u00ed piln\u00edku byla decentralizov\u00e1na, \u010d\u00edm\u017e se mostov\u00fd stroj vymkl kontrole.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

2. Nerozumn\u00fd zp\u016fsob brzd\u011bn\u00ed je\u0159\u00e1bu<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Rozum\u00ed se, \u017ee naprost\u00e1 v\u011bt\u0161ina je\u0159\u00e1bov\u00fdch brzd, brzd v\u0161ech kol, br\u00e1ny nebo brzd\u011bn\u00ed v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b pot\u0159eby elektromagnetem s\u00e1n\u00ed, v\u00fdtlak nebo \u010derpadlo se spust\u00ed a zastav\u00ed, brzdn\u00e1 s\u00edla pru\u017einy stla\u010d\u00ed nebo uvoln\u00ed. A nyn\u00ed p\u0159i zvedac\u00edch prac\u00edch, zejm\u00e9na p\u0159i zved\u00e1n\u00ed velk\u00fdch z\u00e1va\u017e\u00ed, \u010dasto s \u0159adou pracovn\u00edk\u016f pov\u011b\u0159en\u00fdch hl\u00edd\u00e1n\u00edm na je\u0159\u00e1bu, jejich\u017e c\u00edlem je zved\u00e1n\u00ed st\u00e1n\u00ed, doch\u00e1z\u00ed k nehod\u011b skluzn\u00e9ho h\u00e1ku, mus\u00ed se pou\u017e\u00edvat p\u00e1\u010didlo a dal\u0161\u00ed n\u00e1\u0159ad\u00ed. V incidentu \u201e3.9\u201c person\u00e1l odpov\u011bdn\u00fd za sledov\u00e1n\u00ed mostn\u00edho stroje p\u0159ijal takov\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed, ale nedos\u00e1hl p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e9 role, ale do\u0161lo k prasknut\u00ed, proto\u017ee brzda, brzdov\u00e9 \u00falomky vyl\u00e9tly z velk\u00fdch nehod, kter\u00e9 vedly k ob\u011btem opatrovnictv\u00ed. Pro\u010d platit bolestivou cenu ob\u011btem se nepoda\u0159ilo sn\u00ed\u017eit rozsah \u0161kod p\u0159i nehod\u011b?<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Za prv\u00e9 je diskutabiln\u00ed mechanick\u00e1 pr\u00e1ce pracovn\u00edk\u016f odpov\u011bdn\u00fdch za sledov\u00e1n\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed p\u00e1\u010didel a dal\u0161\u00edch n\u00e1stroj\u016f ke zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed tlaku brzdov\u00fdch \u010delist\u00ed na brzdov\u00fd buben, aby bylo dosa\u017eeno \u00fa\u010delu pracovn\u00edch metod z\u00e1chrann\u00e9 brzdy. Kdy\u017e je\u0159\u00e1b zved\u00e1n\u00ed velk\u00fdch z\u00e1va\u017e\u00ed je\u0161t\u011b do\u0161lo mimo soubor, sn\u00edmek hav\u00e1rie nehody, start\u00e9r motoru, hnac\u00ed h\u0159\u00eddel se zrychlen\u00edm hmotnosti poklesu bude produkovat runway rychlost, brzda kola hnac\u00ed h\u0159\u00eddel tak\u00e9 bude produkovat siln\u00e9 radi\u00e1ln\u00ed. Proto si mysl\u00edm, \u017ee obsluha pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 p\u00e1\u010didla a dal\u0161\u00ed n\u00e1stroje ke zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed tlaku brzdov\u00e9 \u010delisti na brzdov\u00fd buben, tak aby bylo dosa\u017eeno \u00fa\u010delu \u010dinnosti z\u00e1chrann\u00e9 brzdy nen\u00ed \u017e\u00e1douc\u00ed. Za druh\u00e9, brzda na h\u0159\u00eddeli p\u0159evodovky je pouze nedostate\u010dn\u00e1. Jak tedy sn\u00ed\u017eit nehodov\u00e9 ztr\u00e1ty vznikl\u00e9 v d\u016fsledku toho mimo piln\u00edk? V\u011b\u0159\u00edm, \u017ee lo\u010f zvedaj\u00edc\u00ed brzdn\u00fd re\u017eim se m\u016f\u017ee pou\u010dit.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

3. Zlep\u0161en\u00ed bezpe\u010dnostn\u00edho v\u00fdkonu je\u0159\u00e1bov\u00fdch brzd<\/strong><\/p>\r\n

Vertik\u00e1ln\u00ed lodn\u00ed zved\u00e1k Yantan do re\u017eimu vodn\u00ed brzdy jako p\u0159\u00edklad, jeho hmotnost v lodn\u00edm prostoru 1430t, s t\u011b\u017ek\u00fdm betonem 1100t, brzda hlavn\u00edho zved\u00e1ku v podob\u011b hydraulick\u00fdch kotou\u010dov\u00fdch brzd, v\u010detn\u011b dvou sad provozn\u00ed brzdy a bezpe\u010dnostn\u00edho brzdov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu. Lodn\u00ed v\u00fdtah, kdy\u017e je vy\u017eadov\u00e1na akce, bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed brzdy ka\u017ed\u00e9 prvn\u00ed br\u00e1ny, br\u00e1na c\u00edsa\u0159e na m\u00edst\u011b pro zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed v\u00fdstupn\u00edho to\u010div\u00e9ho momentu motoru a\u017e na ur\u010ditou provozn\u00ed brzdnou br\u00e1nu, lodn\u00ed v\u00fdtah se spust\u00ed; v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b pot\u0159eby nejprve p\u0159esta\u0148te pracovat s brzdou motoru hlavn\u00edho kladkostroje. Cel\u00fd proces spolehliv\u00fd a bezpe\u010dn\u00fd, spolehliv\u00fd ov\u011b\u0159en\u00fd b\u011bhem instalace a uveden\u00ed lodn\u00edho v\u00fdtahu do provozu a v posledn\u00edch n\u011bkolika letech.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

3.1 Hydraulick\u00e9 kotou\u010dov\u00e9 brzdy<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

A n\u00e1bojov\u00e9 brzdy ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s hydraulick\u00fdmi kotou\u010dov\u00fdmi brzdami s brzdn\u00fdm principem jsou jednoduch\u00e9, spolehliv\u00e9 a maj\u00ed rychlou odezvu zav\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

3.2 Zvy\u0161te bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed brzdu<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Pro zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed bezpe\u010dnosti se zde brzdou rozum\u00ed brzdov\u00e1 souprava s ohledem na svisl\u00fd lodn\u00ed v\u00fdtah, \u010d\u00e1st p\u0159\u00edr\u016fstku kotou\u010dov\u00e9 brzdy a kotou\u010dov\u00e1 brzda um\u00edst\u011bn\u00e1 v p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e9m poli spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 polohy, tak\u017ee se st\u00e1vaj\u00ed zcela nez\u00e1vislou soupravou bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed brzdy.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

    \r\n\t
  1. V\u011bze\u0148sk\u00fd person\u00e1l operace osvobozen\u00ed lid\u00ed, sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed rizika zran\u011bn\u00ed;<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t
  2. Zv\u00fd\u0161it bezpe\u010dnost a spolehlivost provozu je\u0159\u00e1bu, kdy hav\u00e1rie je\u0159\u00e1bu m\u016f\u017ee \u00fa\u010dinn\u011b zabr\u00e1nit roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed hav\u00e1rie. Popul\u00e1rn\u00ed, to se stane, kdy\u017e je\u0159\u00e1b z piln\u00edku, posu\u0148te h\u00e1k nehody, a to i ve spou\u0161t\u011bc\u00edm motoru, hnac\u00ed h\u0159\u00eddel, brzda funguje, pouzdro p\u0159evodovky je po\u0161kozeno, \u010d\u00e1sti bezpe\u010dnostn\u00edho brzdov\u00e9ho bubnu mohou \u00fa\u010dinn\u011b zav\u00edrat brzdu , p\u0159esta\u0148 viset.<\/li>\r\n\t
  3. Vy\u017eaduje p\u0159evodovka na n\u011bkter\u00fdch speci\u00e1ln\u00edch mostov\u00fdch je\u0159\u00e1bech pro p\u0159ep\u00edn\u00e1n\u00ed vysok\u00e9ho a n\u00edzk\u00e9ho profilu, jednodu\u0161e zav\u0159\u00edt bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed brzdu, zajistit, aby navij\u00e1k pevn\u011b dr\u017eel bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed brzdu, aby se zabr\u00e1nilo p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e9 bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed brzd\u011b.<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n

    3.3 Po\u017eadavky na \u0159\u00eddic\u00ed syst\u00e9m<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

    Po\u017eadavek, pokud se bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed brzda tak\u00e9 \u010dasto pohybuje, ovlivn\u00ed to po\u017eadavky na provoz zdvihu, proto by m\u011bl b\u00fdt \u0159\u00eddic\u00ed syst\u00e9m navr\u017een tak, aby spl\u0148oval po\u017eadavky n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch provozn\u00edch podm\u00ednek:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

      \r\n\t
    1. Norm\u00e1ln\u00ed provoz. P\u0159ed ka\u017ed\u00fdm spu\u0161t\u011bn\u00edm je\u0159\u00e1bu je\u0159\u00e1bn\u00edk stiskne tla\u010d\u00edtko start, automatick\u00e1 bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed brzda br\u00e1na po sign\u00e1lu br\u00e1ny do konzoly na m\u00edst\u011b, aby je\u0159\u00e1b mohl pracovat. B\u011bhem pr\u00e1ce na je\u0159\u00e1bu je ukon\u010dena pr\u00e1ce zved\u00e1n\u00ed brzdy provozn\u00ed brzdou, bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed brzdou a norm\u00e1ln\u011b otev\u0159enou. Konec zdvihu, sp\u00edna\u010d provozn\u00ed brzdy na brzd\u011b, je\u0159\u00e1bn\u00edk po kontrole tot\u00e9\u017e, opu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed provozu jevi\u0161t\u011b, odpojen\u00ed nap\u00e1jen\u00ed je\u0159\u00e1bu, uzav\u0159en\u00ed brzdy bezpe\u010dnostn\u00edho z\u00e1mku, konec pr\u00e1ce;<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t
    2. Provozn\u00ed stav je\u0159\u00e1b\u016f, kdy\u017e do\u0161lo k poru\u0161e. kdy\u017e dojde k poru\u0161e, stiskn\u011bte tla\u010d\u00edtko nouzov\u00e9 brzdy je\u0159\u00e1bn\u00edk, provozn\u00ed brzda okam\u017eit\u011b zav\u0159e brzdu, zpo\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed uzav\u0159en\u00ed bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed brzdy 2 ~ 5s brzda, aby se zabr\u00e1nilo nehod\u00e1m;<\/li>\r\n\t
    3. Pracovn\u00ed stav je\u0159\u00e1bu nast\u00e1v\u00e1 p\u0159i nehod\u00e1ch s po\u0161kozen\u00edm. Kdy\u017e do\u0161lo k nehod\u011b, podle \u0159idi\u010de nouzov\u00e9ho brzdov\u00e9ho tla\u010d\u00edtka je odpojeno nap\u00e1jen\u00ed ovl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed je\u0159\u00e1bu, provozn\u00ed brzda a bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed brzda okam\u017eit\u011b ztratily vyp\u00edna\u010d na brzd\u011b, aby se zabr\u00e1nilo nehod\u00e1m;<\/li>\r\n\t
    4. Za v\u00fdjime\u010dn\u00fdch okolnost\u00ed (jako je n\u00e1hl\u00e1 ztr\u00e1ta nap\u00e1jen\u00ed je\u0159\u00e1bu) by provozn\u00ed brzda a bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed brzda m\u011bly tak\u00e9 prov\u00e9st nouzov\u00e9 brzd\u011bn\u00ed. Nebo je bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed brzda nastavena na norm\u00e1ln\u011b otev\u0159en\u00e9 bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed brzdy, bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed brzdy obvykle z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed pln\u011b otev\u0159en\u00e9, pr\u00e1ce brzdy zdvihu je\u0159\u00e1bu provozn\u00ed brzdou je dokon\u010dena, bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed brzda jako ochrann\u00e1 rezerva. V dob\u011b, kdy hav\u00e1rie nebo z\u00e1vada je\u0159\u00e1bu a provozn\u00ed brzda vy\u017eaduje gener\u00e1ln\u00ed opravu, povolte brzdov\u00fd sp\u00edna\u010d p\u0159i \u0159azen\u00ed nahoru a dol\u016f, byla uvedena do provozu bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed brzda.<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n

      <\/span><\/p>\r\n

      Lze si vy\u017e\u00e1dat i dal\u0161\u00ed podm\u00ednky, nastaven\u00edm elektrick\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti a samostatnou \u00fapravou.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"1. Je\u0159\u00e1bov\u00e1 brzda se vymkla kontrole a zp\u016fsobila ob\u011bti 9. b\u0159ezna 2003. Vodn\u00ed elektr\u00e1rna Dahua p\u0159i stavebn\u00edch prac\u00edch zadala pr\u00e1ce na \u00fadr\u017eb\u011b elektr\u00e1rny Zuojiang, pracovn\u00ed pl\u00e1n tisku se obr\u00e1til na instalaci reinkarnace. P\u0159ed jedn\u00e1n\u00edm prob\u011bhly kurzy, prov\u00e1d\u011bly operace p\u0159ed pracovn\u00edmi opat\u0159en\u00edmi a bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed technick\u00e9 zkou\u0161ky, p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00fd person\u00e1l je p\u0159ipraven za\u010d\u00edt pracovat. Dobr\u00fd b\u011b\u017eeck\u00fd ku\u017eel ve zved\u00e1n\u00ed, zkuste [\u2026]","protected":false},"featured_media":3640,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"template":"","posts_category":[197],"posts_tag":[],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hndfcrane.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/xmxposts\/6875"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hndfcrane.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/xmxposts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hndfcrane.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/posts"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.hndfcrane.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/xmxposts\/6875\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7171,"href":"https:\/\/www.hndfcrane.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/xmxposts\/6875\/revisions\/7171"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hndfcrane.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3640"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hndfcrane.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6875"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"posts_category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hndfcrane.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts_category?post=6875"},{"taxonomy":"posts_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hndfcrane.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts_tag?post=6875"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}