{"id":7237,"date":"2023-04-12T01:36:31","date_gmt":"2023-04-12T01:36:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hndfcrane.com\/?post_type=posts&p=7237"},"modified":"2024-09-09T06:49:48","modified_gmt":"2024-09-09T06:49:48","slug":"how-to-calculate-deflection-of-overhead-crane","status":"publish","type":"posts","link":"https:\/\/www.hndfcrane.com\/cs\/posts\/how-to-calculate-deflection-of-overhead-crane\/","title":{"rendered":"Jak vypo\u010d\u00edtat pr\u016fhyb mostov\u00e9ho je\u0159\u00e1bu"},"content":{"rendered":"

Mostov\u00fd je\u0159\u00e1b je nezbytn\u00fdm n\u00e1strojem pro zved\u00e1n\u00ed a p\u0159epravu t\u011b\u017ek\u00fdch b\u0159emen v pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed. Pro zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed bezpe\u010dn\u00e9ho a efektivn\u00edho provozu mostov\u00e9ho je\u0159\u00e1bu je v\u0161ak z\u00e1sadn\u00ed porozum\u011bt pr\u016fhybu je\u0159\u00e1bu. V tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku probereme, co je pr\u016fhyb, pro\u010d je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd a jak vypo\u010d\u00edtat pr\u016fhyb mostov\u00e9ho je\u0159\u00e1bu.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Co je Deflection?<\/span><\/h2>\r\n

Pr\u016fhyb je m\u00edra, do jak\u00e9 se konstrukce je\u0159\u00e1bu oh\u00fdb\u00e1 nebo deformuje p\u0159i zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed. Je to z\u00e1sadn\u00ed faktor, kter\u00fd je t\u0159eba vz\u00edt v \u00favahu p\u0159i navrhov\u00e1n\u00ed, provozu a \u00fadr\u017eb\u011b mostov\u00e9ho je\u0159\u00e1bu. Vych\u00fdlen\u00ed je\u0159\u00e1bu m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt zp\u016fsobeno r\u016fzn\u00fdmi faktory, v\u010detn\u011b rozlo\u017een\u00ed hmotnosti, zrychlen\u00ed a vibrac\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\"Mostov\u00fd<\/p>\r\n

Pro\u010d je pr\u016fhyb d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd?<\/span><\/h2>\r\n

Pr\u016fhyb mostov\u00e9ho je\u0159\u00e1bu m\u016f\u017ee v\u00fdznamn\u011b ovlivnit jeho bezpe\u010dnost a \u00fa\u010dinnost. Pokud se konstrukce je\u0159\u00e1bu p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 vych\u00fdl\u00ed, m\u016f\u017ee to zp\u016fsobit p\u0159evr\u00e1cen\u00ed je\u0159\u00e1bu, co\u017e ohro\u017euje obsluhu a kohokoli v okol\u00ed. Nadm\u011brn\u00e1 deformace m\u016f\u017ee nav\u00edc v\u00e9st k \u00fanav\u011b komponent\u016f je\u0159\u00e1bu, co\u017e sni\u017euje \u017eivotnost je\u0159\u00e1bu a zvy\u0161uje n\u00e1klady na \u00fadr\u017ebu.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Krit\u00e9ria vertik\u00e1ln\u00edho vych\u00fdlen\u00ed<\/span><\/h2>\r\n

Krit\u00e9ria vertik\u00e1ln\u00edho vych\u00fdlen\u00ed se t\u00fdkaj\u00ed maxim\u00e1ln\u00edho (svisl\u00e9ho) pom\u011bru vych\u00fdlen\u00ed povolen\u00e9ho pro zdvihac\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed. Vertik\u00e1ln\u00ed pr\u016fhyb se li\u0161\u00ed od vodorovn\u00e9ho pr\u016fhybu, ale u uzav\u0159en\u00fdch kolejov\u00fdch mostov\u00fdch je\u0159\u00e1b\u016f se bere v \u00favahu oboj\u00ed. Vertik\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u00fdchylka se t\u00fdk\u00e1 zm\u011bny polohy mostu, dr\u00e1hy nebo v\u00fdlo\u017en\u00edku je\u0159\u00e1bu pod\u00e9l svisl\u00e9 osy.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

V\u011bt\u0161ina je\u0159\u00e1bov\u00fdch syst\u00e9m\u016f se vyr\u00e1b\u00ed s p\u0159ibli\u017en\u00fdm vych\u00fdlen\u00edm, proto\u017ee v\u00fdrobci nemaj\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dnou kontrolu nad instalac\u00ed, tuhost\u00ed z\u00e1klad\u016f nebo standardn\u00edmi odchylkami v toleranc\u00edch tlou\u0161\u0165ky pro potrub\u00ed, trubky, ocelov\u00e9 desky a plechy. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee n\u011bkter\u00e9 odchylky nad nebo pod v\u00fdchylkami definovan\u00fdmi v\u00fdrobci by m\u011bly b\u00fdt pova\u017eov\u00e1ny za norm\u00e1ln\u00ed. Pokud jsou v\u0161ak mostov\u00e9 je\u0159\u00e1by instalov\u00e1ny podle standardn\u00ed instala\u010dn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edru\u010dky a udr\u017eov\u00e1ny v souladu s p\u0159\u00edru\u010dkou pro \u00fadr\u017ebu instalace od v\u00fdrobce, m\u016f\u017eete si b\u00fdt jisti bezpe\u010dnost\u00ed v\u00fdtahov\u00fdch produkt\u016f a jejich schopnost\u00ed zvl\u00e1dnout zvolen\u00e9 jmenovit\u00e9 kapacity a v\u00fdkonov\u00e9 normy.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

M\u011b\u0159en\u00ed pr\u016fhybu pro bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed standardy<\/span><\/h2>\r\n

P\u0159i m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed pr\u016fhybu pro bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed standardy se pr\u016fhyb m\u011b\u0159\u00ed p\u0159i kapacit\u011b 100%, sp\u00ed\u0161e ne\u017e p\u0159i kapacit\u011b 125%. Podle norem ANSI (ANSI\/ASME B30.2) pro provozn\u00ed a provozn\u00ed testy mostov\u00fdch mostov\u00fdch je\u0159\u00e1b\u016f \u201eStandardn\u00ed pr\u016fhyb mus\u00ed b\u00fdt m\u011b\u0159en se zat\u00ed\u017een\u00edm 100 procent jmenovit\u00e9 kapacity a nesm\u00ed p\u0159ekro\u010dit povolen\u00fd pr\u016fhyb stanoven\u00fd p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161nou konstruk\u010dn\u00ed normou. .\u201c Pro ka\u017ed\u00fd typ je\u0159\u00e1bu se hodnota pr\u016fhybu li\u0161\u00ed v z\u00e1vislosti na celkov\u00e9 d\u00e9lce, rozp\u011bt\u00ed nebo dosahu je\u0159\u00e1bu.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\"pracovn\u00ed<\/p>\r\n

V\u00fdpo\u010det vertik\u00e1ln\u00edho pr\u016fhybu<\/span><\/h2>\r\n

U mostov\u00fdch je\u0159\u00e1b\u016f pracovn\u00ed stanice (uzav\u0159en\u00e1 dr\u00e1ha) je hodnota svisl\u00e9ho pr\u016fhybu men\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e u t\u011b\u017e\u0161\u00edch mostov\u00fdch je\u0159\u00e1b\u016f. Mostov\u00e9 je\u0159\u00e1by pro uzav\u0159en\u00e1 kolejov\u00e1 pracovi\u0161t\u011b maj\u00ed limit pr\u016fhybu L\/450, kde \u201eL\u201c je d\u00e9lka nebo rozp\u011bt\u00ed je\u0159\u00e1bu. Jin\u00fdmi slovy, abyste mohli ur\u010dit vych\u00fdlen\u00ed mostov\u00e9ho je\u0159\u00e1bu va\u0161\u00ed pracovn\u00ed stanice, mus\u00edte nejprve zn\u00e1t jeho rozp\u011bt\u00ed nebo d\u00e9lku. Tato rovnice se obvykle m\u011b\u0159\u00ed v palc\u00edch nebo centimetrech, proto\u017ee celkov\u00fd pr\u016fhyb by m\u011bl b\u00fdt velmi mal\u00fd. Pokud je va\u0161e v\u00fdchylka vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e hodnota m\u011b\u0159en\u00e1 v palc\u00edch, m\u016f\u017eete m\u00edt probl\u00e9m.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u0158ekn\u011bme nap\u0159\u00edklad, \u017ee m\u00e1te 34stop\u00fd most na mostov\u00e9m je\u0159\u00e1bu pracovn\u00ed stanice. Odklon lze ur\u010dit tak, \u017ee nejprve zm\u011bn\u00edte jednotku m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed ze stop na palce. Most o d\u00e9lce 34 stop je dlouh\u00fd 408 palc\u016f (stop x 12 = palc\u016f). Vyd\u011blte 408 palc\u016f stanoven\u00fdm limitem pr\u016fhybu pro uzav\u0159en\u00e9 mostov\u00e9 je\u0159\u00e1by (L\/450). To v\u00e1m poskytne vych\u00fdlen\u00ed men\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e jeden palec (0,9 palce).<\/span><\/p>\r\n

V\u00fdpo\u010det vodorovn\u00e9ho pr\u016fhybu<\/span><\/h2>\r\n

Zat\u00edmco vertik\u00e1ln\u00ed vych\u00fdlen\u00ed je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 u mostov\u00fdch je\u0159\u00e1b\u016f zv\u00e1\u017eit, horizont\u00e1ln\u00ed vych\u00fdlen\u00ed je tak\u00e9 kritick\u00fdm faktorem pro zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed bezpe\u010dnosti a spolehlivosti zdvihac\u00edho za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed. Horizont\u00e1ln\u00ed vych\u00fdlen\u00ed je definov\u00e1no jako posunut\u00ed nosn\u00edku dr\u00e1hy je\u0159\u00e1bu v ose p\u0159i pln\u00e9m zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Horizont\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u00fdchylka je\u0159\u00e1bu se typicky m\u011b\u0159\u00ed m\u011b\u0159idlem pr\u016fhybu nebo laserov\u00fdmi m\u011b\u0159ic\u00edmi n\u00e1stroji. M\u011b\u0159idlo pr\u016fhybu je za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, kter\u00e9 m\u011b\u0159\u00ed relativn\u00ed pohyb nosn\u00edku dr\u00e1hy je\u0159\u00e1bu ve st\u0159edov\u00e9 linii p\u0159i pln\u00e9m zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed. Laserov\u00e9 m\u011b\u0159ic\u00ed n\u00e1stroje na druh\u00e9 stran\u011b pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed laser k m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed vzd\u00e1lenosti mezi dv\u011bma body pro v\u00fdpo\u010det v\u00fdchylky.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

P\u0159\u00edpustn\u00fd vodorovn\u00fd pr\u016fhyb u mostov\u00fdch je\u0159\u00e1b\u016f je obvykle stanoven na 1\/600 rozp\u011bt\u00ed u mostov\u00fdch je\u0159\u00e1b\u016f a 1\/400 v\u00fd\u0161ky u v\u00fdlo\u017en\u00edkov\u00fdch je\u0159\u00e1b\u016f. To se v\u0161ak m\u016f\u017ee li\u0161it v z\u00e1vislosti na konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed konstruk\u010dn\u00ed norm\u011b a specifikac\u00edch v\u00fdrobce.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Organiza\u010dn\u00ed specifikace<\/span><\/h2>\r\n

Jak ji\u017e bylo zm\u00edn\u011bno d\u0159\u00edve, p\u0159\u00edpustn\u00e9 hodnoty pr\u016fhybu pro mostov\u00e9 je\u0159\u00e1by se mohou li\u0161it od je\u0159\u00e1bu k je\u0159\u00e1bu a od sdru\u017een\u00ed k sdru\u017een\u00ed. Proto je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 p\u0159i navrhov\u00e1n\u00ed, instalaci a \u00fadr\u017eb\u011b mostov\u00fdch je\u0159\u00e1b\u016f dodr\u017eovat organiza\u010dn\u00ed specifikace stanoven\u00e9 v\u00fdrobcem nebo p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00fdm sdru\u017een\u00edm.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Nap\u0159\u00edklad Asociace v\u00fdrobc\u016f je\u0159\u00e1b\u016f Ameriky (CMAA) stanovuje standardy pro mostov\u00e9 je\u0159\u00e1by pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 v Severn\u00ed Americe. CMAA klasifikovala mostov\u00e9 je\u0159\u00e1by do \u0161esti t\u0159\u00edd slu\u017eeb na z\u00e1klad\u011b z\u00e1va\u017enosti zam\u00fd\u0161len\u00e9ho pou\u017eit\u00ed. Ka\u017ed\u00e1 servisn\u00ed t\u0159\u00edda m\u00e1 r\u016fzn\u00e9 specifikace pro p\u0159\u00edpustn\u00fd pr\u016fhyb, nosnost a dal\u0161\u00ed faktory.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Jak vypo\u010d\u00edtat pr\u016fhyb mostov\u00e9ho je\u0159\u00e1bu?<\/span><\/h2>\r\n

Pr\u016fhyb mostov\u00e9ho je\u0159\u00e1bu lze vypo\u010d\u00edtat pomoc\u00ed n\u011bkolika r\u016fzn\u00fdch vzorc\u016f. Zde jsou kroky pro v\u00fdpo\u010det pr\u016fhybu mostov\u00e9ho je\u0159\u00e1bu:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Krok 1: Ur\u010dete zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed<\/span><\/h3>\r\n

Nejprve ur\u010dete hmotnost b\u0159emene, kter\u00e9 bude je\u0159\u00e1b zvedat. Tato hmotnost by m\u011bla zahrnovat hmotnost b\u0159emene a hmotnost zvedac\u00edho za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Krok 2: Ur\u010dete rozlo\u017een\u00ed zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed<\/span><\/h3>\r\n

D\u00e1le ur\u010dete, jak bude hmotnost n\u00e1kladu rozlo\u017eena po konstrukci je\u0159\u00e1bu. To se m\u016f\u017ee li\u0161it v z\u00e1vislosti na konstrukci je\u0159\u00e1bu, pou\u017eit\u00e9m zvedac\u00edm za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed a tvaru a velikosti b\u0159emene.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Krok 3: Vypo\u010d\u00edtejte pr\u016fhyb<\/span><\/h3>\r\n

Jakmile ur\u010d\u00edte zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed a rozlo\u017een\u00ed zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed, m\u016f\u017eete vypo\u010d\u00edtat pr\u016fhyb je\u0159\u00e1bu pomoc\u00ed n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edho vzorce:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Pr\u016fhyb = (5 x zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed x vzd\u00e1lenost^4) \/ (384 x modul pru\u017enosti x moment setrva\u010dnosti)<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Kde:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed = hmotnost zvedan\u00e9ho n\u00e1kladu<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Vzd\u00e1lenost = vzd\u00e1lenost od st\u0159edu zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed k bodu, kde se m\u011b\u0159\u00ed pr\u016fhyb<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Modul pru\u017enosti = m\u00edra tuhosti materi\u00e1lu a odolnosti proti deformaci<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Moment setrva\u010dnosti = m\u00edra odolnosti konstrukce v\u016f\u010di ohybu<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Faktory ovliv\u0148uj\u00edc\u00ed pr\u016fhyb<\/span><\/h2>\r\n

Na vych\u00fdlen\u00ed mostov\u00e9ho je\u0159\u00e1bu m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edt vliv n\u011bkolik faktor\u016f. Zde jsou n\u011bkter\u00e9 z nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edch faktor\u016f, kter\u00e9 je t\u0159eba zv\u00e1\u017eit:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Hmotnost n\u00e1kladu<\/span><\/h3>\r\n

Hmotnost b\u0159emene je jedn\u00edm z nejkriti\u010dt\u011bj\u0161\u00edch faktor\u016f ovliv\u0148uj\u00edc\u00edch pr\u016fhyb. \u010c\u00edm t\u011b\u017e\u0161\u00ed b\u0159emeno, t\u00edm v\u00edce se bude je\u0159\u00e1b vychylovat.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Rozlo\u017een\u00ed z\u00e1t\u011b\u017ee<\/span><\/h3>\r\n

Zp\u016fsob, jak\u00fdm je v\u00e1ha n\u00e1kladu rozlo\u017eena po konstrukci je\u0159\u00e1bu, m\u016f\u017ee tak\u00e9 ovlivnit pr\u016fhyb. Nerovnom\u011brn\u00e9 rozlo\u017een\u00ed hmotnosti m\u016f\u017ee zp\u016fsobit, \u017ee se je\u0159\u00e1b v n\u011bkter\u00fdch oblastech vych\u00fdl\u00ed v\u00edce ne\u017e v jin\u00fdch.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Design je\u0159\u00e1bu<\/span><\/h3>\r\n

Konstrukce samotn\u00e9ho je\u0159\u00e1bu m\u016f\u017ee tak\u00e9 ovlivnit pr\u016fhyb. Faktory, jako je d\u00e9lka v\u00fdlo\u017en\u00edku je\u0159\u00e1bu, typ pou\u017eit\u00e9ho zvedac\u00edho za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed a celkov\u00e1 hmotnost je\u0159\u00e1bu, to v\u0161e m\u016f\u017ee ovlivnit, jak moc se je\u0159\u00e1b p\u0159i zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed vych\u00fdl\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u00dadr\u017eba je\u0159\u00e1b\u016f<\/span><\/h3>\r\n

A kone\u010dn\u011b, \u00fadr\u017eba je\u0159\u00e1bu m\u016f\u017ee tak\u00e9 ovlivnit pr\u016fhyb. V pr\u016fb\u011bhu \u010dasu m\u016f\u017ee opot\u0159eben\u00ed sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed je\u0159\u00e1bu zp\u016fsobit v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed vych\u00fdlen\u00ed je\u0159\u00e1bu p\u0159i zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

V\u00fdpo\u010det pr\u016fhybu mostov\u00e9ho je\u0159\u00e1bu je nezbytn\u00fd pro zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed bezpe\u010dnosti a \u00fa\u010dinnosti je\u0159\u00e1bu. Pochopen\u00edm toho, co je pr\u016fhyb, pro\u010d je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd a jak ho vypo\u010d\u00edtat, mohou je\u0159\u00e1bn\u00edci a odborn\u00edci na \u00fadr\u017ebu udr\u017eovat sv\u00e9 je\u0159\u00e1by v optim\u00e1ln\u00edm stavu a minimalizovat riziko nehod.<\/span><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Mostov\u00fd je\u0159\u00e1b je nezbytn\u00fdm n\u00e1strojem pro zved\u00e1n\u00ed a p\u0159epravu t\u011b\u017ek\u00fdch b\u0159emen v pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed. Pro zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed bezpe\u010dn\u00e9ho a efektivn\u00edho provozu mostov\u00e9ho je\u0159\u00e1bu je v\u0161ak z\u00e1sadn\u00ed porozum\u011bt pr\u016fhybu je\u0159\u00e1bu. V tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku se budeme zab\u00fdvat t\u00edm, co je pr\u016fhyb, pro\u010d je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd a jak vypo\u010d\u00edtat [\u2026]","protected":false},"featured_media":1085,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"template":"","posts_category":[197],"posts_tag":[],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hndfcrane.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/xmxposts\/7237"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hndfcrane.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/xmxposts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hndfcrane.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/posts"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.hndfcrane.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/xmxposts\/7237\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7238,"href":"https:\/\/www.hndfcrane.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/xmxposts\/7237\/revisions\/7238"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hndfcrane.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1085"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hndfcrane.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7237"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"posts_category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hndfcrane.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts_category?post=7237"},{"taxonomy":"posts_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hndfcrane.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts_tag?post=7237"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}