{"id":8117,"date":"2023-09-21T01:28:32","date_gmt":"2023-09-21T01:28:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hndfcrane.com\/?post_type=posts&#038;p=8117"},"modified":"2024-09-09T06:36:12","modified_gmt":"2024-09-09T06:36:12","slug":"6-common-faults-and-spare-parts-of-overhead-cranes","status":"publish","type":"posts","link":"https:\/\/www.hndfcrane.com\/cs\/posts\/6-common-faults-and-spare-parts-of-overhead-cranes\/","title":{"rendered":"6 B\u011b\u017en\u00e9 poruchy a n\u00e1hradn\u00ed d\u00edly mostov\u00fdch je\u0159\u00e1b\u016f"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Mostov\u00e9 je\u0159\u00e1by hraj\u00ed kl\u00ed\u010dovou roli v r\u016fzn\u00fdch pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdch odv\u011btv\u00edch, podporuj\u00ed efektivn\u00ed manipulaci s materi\u00e1lem a zjednodu\u0161uj\u00ed operace. Po dlouh\u00e9 dob\u011b a vysok\u00e9 frekvenci pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed, ovlivn\u011bn\u00e9 faktory, jako je nadm\u011brn\u00e9 zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed, jsou v\u0161ak mostov\u00e9 je\u0159\u00e1by n\u00e1chyln\u00e9 k provozn\u00edm poruch\u00e1m, kter\u00e9 n\u00e1sledn\u011b nefunguj\u00ed spr\u00e1vn\u011b a p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed ur\u010dit\u00e9 nep\u0159\u00edjemnosti do pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9 v\u00fdroby. Proto je nutn\u00e9 prostudovat selh\u00e1n\u00ed d\u00edl\u016f, selh\u00e1n\u00ed regul\u00e1toru, selh\u00e1n\u00ed brzd, selh\u00e1n\u00ed reduktoru, elektrick\u00e9 selh\u00e1n\u00ed a dal\u0161\u00ed b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 z\u00e1vady, shrom\u00e1\u017edit odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00ed n\u00e1hradn\u00ed d\u00edly a p\u0159ijmout c\u00edlen\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed pro \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed a opravy, aby bylo zaji\u0161t\u011bno, \u017ee mostov\u00fd je\u0159\u00e1b m\u016f\u017ee b\u011b\u017eet. hladce.<\/p>\r\n<h2>1. Chyby h\u00e1ku<\/h2>\r\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hndfcrane.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Faults-of-Hook.png\" alt=\"Chyby Hooka\" width=\"446\" height=\"645\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-8127\" \/><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li>\u00danavov\u00e9 trhliny: Na povrchu h\u00e1\u010dku se mohou objevit \u00fanavov\u00e9 trhliny v d\u016fsledku \u010dast\u00e9ho p\u0159et\u011b\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed a nadm\u011brn\u00e9ho nam\u00e1h\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159i pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed. Vady materi\u00e1lu a \u0161patn\u00e1 kvalita mohou tak\u00e9 zp\u016fsobit deformaci nebo zlomen\u00ed h\u00e1ku, co\u017e vede k nehod\u00e1m.<\/li>\r\n\t<li>Otev\u0159en\u00ed a nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9 opot\u0159eben\u00ed sekce: Kv\u016fli \u010dast\u00e9mu pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed je je\u0159\u00e1bov\u00fd h\u00e1k n\u00e1chyln\u00fd k probl\u00e9m\u016fm, jako je zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9 otev\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed a opot\u0159eben\u00ed nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9 sekce. Pohyb a t\u0159en\u00ed ocelov\u00e9ho lana m\u016f\u017ee vytvo\u0159it dr\u00e1\u017eky na h\u00e1ku. Kdy\u017e otvor h\u00e1ku p\u0159es\u00e1hne 15% sv\u00e9 p\u016fvodn\u00ed velikosti nebo opot\u0159eben\u00ed nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9 sekce dos\u00e1hne 10% sv\u00e9 p\u016fvodn\u00ed velikosti, oslab\u00ed to pevnost h\u00e1ku a m\u016f\u017ee zp\u016fsobit deformaci nebo odd\u011blen\u00ed, co\u017e m\u00e1 za n\u00e1sledek nehody.<\/li>\r\n\t<li>Plastick\u00e1 deformace: Dlouhodob\u00e9 p\u0159et\u011b\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed nebo vystaven\u00ed vysokoteplotn\u00edmu z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee zp\u016fsobit plastickou deformaci v otev\u00edrac\u00edch a ohybov\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1stech h\u00e1ku, co\u017e m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edt za n\u00e1sledek uvoln\u011bn\u00ed t\u011b\u017ek\u00fdch p\u0159edm\u011bt\u016f a nehody.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h3>Odstra\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed probl\u00e9m\u016f s h\u00e1kem mostov\u00e9ho je\u0159\u00e1bu<\/h3>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li>V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b \u00fanavov\u00fdch trhlin na h\u00e1ku by m\u011bl b\u00fdt okam\u017eit\u011b vym\u011bn\u011bn.<\/li>\r\n\t<li>Podle p\u0159edpis\u016f pro \u0161rotov\u00e1n\u00ed h\u00e1\u010dk\u016f by m\u011bl b\u00fdt se\u0161rotov\u00e1n, pokud otvor p\u0159esahuje 151 TP1T p\u016fvodn\u00ed velikosti nebo opot\u0159eben\u00ed nebezpe\u010dn\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed dos\u00e1hne 101 TP1T p\u016fvodn\u00ed velikosti. Pokud nep\u0159ekra\u010duje normy, m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt nad\u00e1le pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n pod dohledem nebo se sn\u00ed\u017eenou z\u00e1t\u011b\u017e\u00ed, nen\u00ed v\u0161ak povoleno pou\u017e\u00edvat sva\u0159ovac\u00ed dr\u00e1t k oprav\u011b a pot\u00e9 znovu pou\u017e\u00edt.<\/li>\r\n\t<li>V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b plastick\u00e9 deformace vznikl\u00e9 v otev\u00edrac\u00edch a oh\u00fdbac\u00edch \u010d\u00e1stech h\u00e1ku by m\u011bl b\u00fdt vym\u011bn\u011bn. Ve vysokoteplotn\u00edch nebo metalurgick\u00fdch provozn\u00edch prost\u0159ed\u00edch, kdy teplota tepeln\u00e9ho z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed p\u0159esahuje 300 stup\u0148\u016f, lze p\u0159iva\u0159it desku st\u00edn\u00edc\u00ed radiaci, kter\u00e1 izoluje tepeln\u00e9 z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed a chr\u00e1n\u00ed h\u00e1k.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2>2. Poruchy ocelov\u00e9ho lana<\/h2>\r\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hndfcrane.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/faults-of-wire-ropes.png\" alt=\"z\u00e1vady ocelov\u00fdch lan\" width=\"900\" height=\"675\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-8128\" \/><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li>Kroucen\u00ed: Za norm\u00e1ln\u00edch pracovn\u00edch podm\u00ednek by ocelov\u00e1 lana na obou stran\u00e1ch skupiny pohybliv\u00fdch kladek m\u011bla b\u00fdt rovnob\u011b\u017en\u00e1 a nem\u011bla by si p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017eet. Kdy\u017e se v\u0161ak ocelov\u00e9 lano \u201ekrout\u00ed\u201c, lana na obou stran\u00e1ch skupiny pohybliv\u00fdch kladek se vz\u00e1jemn\u011b k\u0159\u00ed\u017e\u00ed ve tvaru \u201eosmi\u010dky\u201c nebo \u201ezkroucen\u00e9ho\u201c. K tomuto jevu doch\u00e1z\u00ed v d\u016fsledku koncentrace vnit\u0159n\u00edho nap\u011bt\u00ed zp\u016fsoben\u00e9ho instalac\u00ed nebo v\u00fdm\u011bnou nov\u00fdch ocelov\u00fdch lan v pr\u016fb\u011bhu \u010dasu.<\/li>\r\n\t<li>N\u00e1hodn\u00e9 kroucen\u00ed lana na navij\u00e1ku: Pokud tato situace nastane, je zp\u016fsobena poruchou veden\u00ed lana. Vod\u00edtko lana je instalov\u00e1no na navij\u00e1ku a jeho funkc\u00ed je zajistit plynul\u00e9 odv\u00edjen\u00ed a nav\u00edjen\u00ed ocelov\u00e9ho lana z navij\u00e1ku a zabr\u00e1nit zamot\u00e1n\u00ed lana b\u011bhem procesu.<\/li>\r\n\t<li>\u00danava ocelov\u00e9ho lana: Na povrchu ocelov\u00e9ho lana se objevuj\u00ed abnorm\u00e1ln\u00ed jevy, jako jsou zlomen\u00e9 dr\u00e1ty, zlomen\u00e9 prameny, koroze, deformace a opot\u0159eben\u00ed. B\u011bhem norm\u00e1ln\u00edho pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed je ocelov\u00e9 lano vystaveno vn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm sil\u00e1m, jako je t\u0159en\u00ed, n\u00e1raz a stla\u010den\u00ed, co\u017e m\u00e1 za n\u00e1sledek opot\u0159eben\u00ed ocelov\u00e9ho lana.<\/li>\r\n\t<li>Zauzlov\u00e1n\u00ed: Trval\u00e1 deformace ocelov\u00e9ho lana zp\u016fsoben\u00e1 m\u00edstn\u00edm kroucen\u00edm se naz\u00fdv\u00e1 zauzlov\u00e1n\u00ed. Pokud nen\u00ed konec pramene ocelov\u00e9ho lana p\u0159i pou\u017eit\u00ed nap\u011bt\u00ed p\u0159iv\u00e1z\u00e1n, pramen se bude ot\u00e1\u010det v opa\u010dn\u00e9m sm\u011bru, co\u017e je vlastn\u00ed faktor zp\u016fsobuj\u00edc\u00ed zauzlov\u00e1n\u00ed ocelov\u00e9ho lana.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h3>Odstra\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed probl\u00e9m\u016f s dr\u00e1t\u011bn\u00fdm lanem<\/h3>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li>P\u0159i instalaci nebo v\u00fdm\u011bn\u011b ocelov\u00fdch lan je t\u0159eba v\u011bnovat pozornost v\u00fdb\u011bru lan s dobr\u00fdm v\u00fdkonem proti zauzlov\u00e1n\u00ed a p\u0159izp\u016fsoben\u00ed sm\u011bru kroucen\u00ed lana bubnu navij\u00e1ku. Pou\u017e\u00edvejte spr\u00e1vnou techniku navl\u00e9k\u00e1n\u00ed lana, abyste se vyhnuli nam\u00e1h\u00e1n\u00ed kroucen\u00edm b\u011bhem procesu navl\u00e9k\u00e1n\u00ed. V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b zkroucen\u00ed ocelov\u00e9ho lana b\u011bhem provozu by m\u011bl b\u00fdt \u00fakol zved\u00e1n\u00ed do\u010dasn\u011b pozastaven a s n\u00e1le\u017eit\u00fdmi bezpe\u010dnostn\u00edmi opat\u0159en\u00edmi uvoln\u011bte vnit\u0159n\u00ed pnut\u00ed ocelov\u00e9ho lana odstran\u011bn\u00edm kl\u00ednovit\u00e9ho konce, pot\u00e9 znovu nainstalujte a zajist\u011bte kl\u00ednovitou hlavu. P\u0159ed obnoven\u00edm provozu prove\u010fte test zved\u00e1n\u00ed, abyste potvrdili, \u017ee probl\u00e9m kroucen\u00ed ocelov\u00e9ho lana je vy\u0159e\u0161en.<\/li>\r\n\t<li>Vod\u00edtko lana je zraniteln\u00e1 sou\u010d\u00e1st, a kdy\u017e je siln\u011b opot\u0159ebov\u00e1no, nedok\u00e1\u017ee spr\u00e1vn\u011b v\u00e9st lano, co\u017e m\u00e1 za n\u00e1sledek zamot\u00e1n\u00ed lana, v tuto chv\u00edli by m\u011blo vod\u00edtko lana nahradit. P\u0159i naklon\u011bn\u00fdch zvedac\u00edch operac\u00edch je veden\u00ed lana nejv\u00edce n\u00e1chyln\u00e9 k opot\u0159eben\u00ed, tak\u017ee ve v\u00fdrob\u011b by zvednut\u00e9 b\u0159emeno m\u011blo b\u00fdt udr\u017eov\u00e1no kolmo k elektrick\u00e9mu kladkostroji.<\/li>\r\n\t<li>P\u0159i ka\u017edodenn\u00edm provozu je\u0159\u00e1bu posilujte sledov\u00e1n\u00ed stavu ocelov\u00e9ho lana a posuzujte stav jeho pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed. Jakmile dos\u00e1hne p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00fdch krit\u00e9ri\u00ed pro \u0161rotov\u00e1n\u00ed, okam\u017eit\u011b vym\u011b\u0148te ocelov\u00e9 lano, kter\u00e9 spl\u0148uje krit\u00e9ria pro \u0161rotov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/li>\r\n\t<li><strong>\u0158e\u0161en\u00ed poruch ocelov\u00e9ho lana m\u016f\u017ee vy\u017eadovat sou\u010d\u00e1sti, jako jsou ocelov\u00e1 lana a vod\u00edtka lana.<\/strong><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2>3. Poruchy ovlada\u010de<\/h2>\r\n<p>Mezi b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 z\u00e1vady regul\u00e1toru pat\u0159\u00ed \u0161patn\u00fd kontakt a nesp\u00edn\u00e1n\u00ed kontaktu. P\u0159\u00ed\u010dinou t\u011bchto probl\u00e9m\u016f je siln\u00e1 oxidace kontaktn\u00edho povrchu, nerovn\u00fd kontaktn\u00ed povrch, uvoln\u011bn\u00fd nebo opot\u0159ebovan\u00fd mechanismus ovlada\u010de. \u010cast\u00fdmi poruchami jsou tak\u00e9 po\u0161kozen\u00e9 d\u00e1lkov\u00e9 ovlada\u010de.<\/p>\r\n<p>Odstra\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed z\u00e1vad regul\u00e1toru by m\u011blo v\u017edy zkontrolovat stav kontakt\u016f, ut\u00e1hnout uvoln\u011bn\u00e9 upev\u0148ovac\u00ed \u0161rouby, vym\u011bnit po\u0161kozen\u00e9 d\u00edly v\u010das a doplnit maz\u00e1n\u00ed rotuj\u00edc\u00edch d\u00edl\u016f.<\/p>\r\n<h2>4. Poruchy brzd<\/h2>\r\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hndfcrane.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/brake-of-overhead-crane.jpg\" alt=\"brzda mostov\u00e9ho je\u0159\u00e1bu\" width=\"900\" height=\"675\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-8137\" \/><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li>Selh\u00e1n\u00ed brzdy: Selh\u00e1n\u00ed brzdy je indikov\u00e1no nadm\u011brnou klouzavou dr\u00e1hou b\u011bhem brzd\u011bn\u00ed, typicky p\u0159esahuj\u00edc\u00ed 80 mm.<\/li>\r\n\t<li>Nemo\u017enost uvolnit brzdu: Mezi hlavn\u00ed d\u016fvody pat\u0159\u00ed zablokov\u00e1n\u00ed bodu z\u00e1v\u011bsu a obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9 norm\u00e1ln\u00ed ot\u00e1\u010den\u00ed, p\u0159\u00edtomnost vzduchu nebo nedostatek oleje v hydraulick\u00e9m elektromagnetu a hydraulick\u00e9m v\u00e1lci tla\u010dn\u00e9 ty\u010de, nadm\u011brn\u011b elastick\u00e1 hlavn\u00ed pru\u017eina, ne\u010distoty na brzdov\u00e9 desti\u010dce, a vysok\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed vedouc\u00ed k vyho\u0159en\u00ed usm\u011br\u0148ovac\u00edch c\u00edvek a sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed, jako\u017e i k poruch\u00e1m v obvodu elektromechanick\u00e9ho za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed.<\/li>\r\n\t<li>Nep\u0159etr\u017eit\u00fd pokles brzdn\u00e9ho momentu: Toto je zp\u016fsobeno p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm opot\u0159eben\u00edm brzdov\u00fdch desti\u010dek, siln\u00fdm opot\u0159eben\u00edm otvoru z\u00e1v\u011bsn\u00e9ho bodu v brzdov\u00e9m r\u00e1mu a neust\u00e1l\u00fdm uvol\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00edm hlavn\u00ed pru\u017einy.<\/li>\r\n\t<li>Zah\u0159\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed brzd: Po\u0161kozen\u00ed nebo ohnut\u00ed pomocn\u00e9 pru\u017einy u brzd s kr\u00e1tk\u00fdm zdvihem a hrub\u00fd pracovn\u00ed povrch brzdov\u00e9ho kola. Nespr\u00e1vn\u00e1 v\u016fle mezi brzdovou desti\u010dkou a brzdov\u00fdm kolem.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h3>Specifick\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed pro \u00fadr\u017ebu brzd<\/h3>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li>Selh\u00e1n\u00ed brzdy m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt zp\u016fsobeno nadm\u011brnou v\u016fl\u00ed v brzd\u011b, p\u0159\u00edtomnost\u00ed zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed olejem na t\u0159ec\u00ed plo\u0161e nebo nadm\u011brn\u00fdm opot\u0159eben\u00edm t\u0159ec\u00ed plochy. P\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e9 v\u016fle lze dos\u00e1hnout m\u00edrn\u00fdm uta\u017een\u00edm matice. Pokud je tla\u010dn\u00e1 pru\u017eina unaven\u00e1, m\u011bla by b\u00fdt vym\u011bn\u011bna. Pokud je brzdov\u00fd krou\u017eek siln\u011b opot\u0159eben\u00fd a nem\u016f\u017ee zajistit p\u0159im\u011b\u0159enou brzdnou v\u016fli, mus\u00ed b\u00fdt brzdov\u00fd krou\u017eek vym\u011bn\u011bn. P\u0159i v\u00fdm\u011bn\u011b brzdov\u00e9ho krou\u017eku nejprve sejm\u011bte brzdov\u00e9 kolo, sejm\u011bte p\u016fvodn\u00ed brzdov\u00fd krou\u017eek, nov\u00fd pry\u017eov\u00fd krou\u017eek brzdov\u00e9ho krou\u017eku lehce nama\u017ete vodou a hladce jej zasa\u010fte.<\/li>\r\n\t<li>Odstra\u0148te zasek\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed a proma\u017ete; vypus\u0165te vzduch a p\u0159idejte olej; upravit s\u00edlu hlavn\u00ed pru\u017einy; pravideln\u011b \u010dist\u011bte brzdov\u00e9 kolo uvnit\u0159 mostov\u00e9ho je\u0159\u00e1bu, nejl\u00e9pe petrolejem k \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed a proma\u017ete brzdov\u00e9 oblo\u017een\u00ed uvnit\u0159; vym\u011bnit sp\u00e1len\u00e9 elektromagnetick\u00e9 c\u00edvky a sou\u010d\u00e1sti; zkontrolujte elektrick\u00fd obvod.<\/li>\r\n\t<li>V\u010das vym\u011b\u0148te brzdov\u00e9 desti\u010dky s opot\u0159eben\u00edm p\u0159esahuj\u00edc\u00edm 50% p\u016fvodn\u00ed tlou\u0161\u0165ky a vym\u011b\u0148te \u010depy s opot\u0159eben\u00edm p\u0159esahuj\u00edc\u00edm 5% pomoc\u00ed metod, jako je vystru\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed a instalace nov\u00fdch kol\u00edk\u016f, aby se eliminovalo opot\u0159eben\u00ed otvor\u016f.<\/li>\r\n\t<li>Vym\u011b\u0148te nebo opravte pomocn\u00e9 pru\u017einy; opracovat pracovn\u00ed plochu brzdov\u00e9ho kola podle pot\u0159eby; upravit v\u016fli.<\/li>\r\n\t<li><strong>\u0158e\u0161en\u00ed poruch brzd m\u016f\u017ee vy\u017eadovat sou\u010d\u00e1sti, jako jsou tla\u010dn\u00e9 pru\u017einy, hlavn\u00ed pru\u017einy, pomocn\u00e9 pru\u017einy, mal\u00e9 h\u0159\u00eddele, centr\u00e1ln\u00ed h\u0159\u00eddele, brzdov\u00e9 krou\u017eky, t\u0159ec\u00ed desti\u010dky a dal\u0161\u00ed d\u00edly.<\/strong><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2>5. Poruchy reduktoru<\/h2>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li>\u00danik oleje: K \u00faniku oleje doch\u00e1z\u00ed, kdy\u017e povrch reduktoru nen\u00ed hladk\u00fd a mazivo ztr\u00e1c\u00ed svou \u00fa\u010dinnost. \u00danik oleje m\u016f\u017ee tak\u00e9 zp\u016fsobit nerovnom\u011brn\u00fd t\u011bsnic\u00ed povlak nebo po\u0161kozen\u00e9 t\u011bsnic\u00ed t\u011bsn\u011bn\u00ed na t\u011bsnic\u00ed plo\u0161e, stejn\u011b jako deformace pl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b nebo uvoln\u011bn\u00ed spojovac\u00edch \u0161roub\u016f.<\/li>\r\n\t<li>Porucha ozuben\u00e9ho kola: B\u011bhem provozu m\u016f\u017ee doj\u00edt k prasknut\u00ed a opot\u0159eben\u00ed ozuben\u00fdch kol. B\u011bhem provozu m\u016f\u017ee tak\u00e9 doj\u00edt ke korozi.<\/li>\r\n\t<li>Zlomen\u00ed h\u0159\u00eddele: Zlomen\u00ed h\u0159\u00eddele nastane, kdy\u017e je h\u0159\u00eddel reduktoru vystavena ohybov\u00fdm sil\u00e1m a praskne.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h3>Opat\u0159en\u00ed pro \u00fadr\u017ebu reduk\u010dn\u00edho za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed<\/h3>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li>Upravte rovinnost sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed reduktoru tak, aby spl\u0148ovaly po\u017eadavky; vym\u011bnit t\u011bsn\u011bn\u00ed; opravte kryt a vym\u011b\u0148te jej, pokud je deformace siln\u00e1; ut\u00e1hn\u011bte \u0161rouby.<\/li>\r\n\t<li>Vym\u011b\u0148te lo\u017eiska.<\/li>\r\n\t<li>Vym\u011b\u0148te ozuben\u00e1 kola.<\/li>\r\n\t<li><strong>\u0158e\u0161en\u00ed poruch reduktoru m\u016f\u017ee vy\u017eadovat pou\u017eit\u00ed sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed, jako jsou ozuben\u00e1 kola, lo\u017eiska, t\u011bsn\u00edc\u00ed t\u011bsn\u011bn\u00ed a t\u011bsnic\u00ed boxy.<\/strong><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2>6. Poruchy elektrick\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu<\/h2>\r\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hndfcrane.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Electrical-System-of-overhead-crane.jpg\" alt=\"Elektrick\u00fd syst\u00e9m mostov\u00e9ho je\u0159\u00e1bu\" width=\"900\" height=\"675\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-8135\" \/><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li>Porucha motoru: Startovac\u00ed moment motoru je mal\u00fd, nelze nastartovat, abnorm\u00e1ln\u00ed zvuk.<\/li>\r\n\t<li>Izolovan\u00e1 porucha troleje: Porucha hlavn\u00edho nap\u00e1jec\u00edho syst\u00e9mu je hlavn\u011b porucha izolovan\u00e9 troleje nap\u00e1jen\u00ed. Jako jsou v\u00fdpadky proudu zp\u016fsoben\u00e9 izolovanou vodic\u00ed li\u0161tou, z\u0159ejm\u00e1 deformace potrub\u00ed zp\u016fsoben\u00e1 kolektorem, kterou nelze posunout, ot\u011br na stran\u011b kart\u00e1\u010de a povrch zrnit\u00e9 jamky, kol\u00eds\u00e1n\u00ed potrub\u00ed je p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 velk\u00e9 b\u011bhem pr\u00e1ce, opot\u0159eben\u00ed kart\u00e1\u010de rychl\u00e9, za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed posuvn\u00e9 s velk\u00fdm zvukem a od\u011brky pl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b. P\u0159\u00ed\u010dinou je \u010dasto deformace zp\u016fsoben\u00e1 nevhodnou mont\u00e1\u017e\u00ed vodic\u00ed li\u0161ty, teplota okol\u00ed je p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 vysok\u00e1 tepeln\u00e1 rozta\u017enost zp\u016fsoben\u00e1 zaseknut\u00edm, nespr\u00e1vnou mont\u00e1\u017e\u00ed kolektoru a odchylkami um\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed atd.<\/li>\r\n\t<li>Selh\u00e1n\u00ed AC styka\u010de: Mostov\u00fd je\u0159\u00e1b je v provozu kv\u016fli styka\u010dov\u00fdm bod\u016fm a \u010dasto uzav\u00edr\u00e1 akci, tak\u017ee je snadn\u00e9 sp\u00e1len\u00ed c\u00edvky styka\u010de a porucha vodi\u010de, kv\u016fli uvoln\u011bn\u00ed upev\u0148ovac\u00edho \u0161roubu c\u00edvky, posunut\u00ed oto\u010dn\u00e9ho mechanismu styka\u010de do pohybliv\u00fdch a statick\u00fdch nesouosost s\u00e1n\u00ed \u017eelezn\u00e9ho j\u00e1dra, p\u0159\u00eddr\u017en\u00fd proud s\u00e1n\u00ed j\u00e1dra se zvy\u0161uje; vytvo\u0159it pomocn\u00fd kontakt \u0161patn\u00fd kontakt, nap\u011bt\u00ed c\u00edvky na obou konc\u00edch c\u00edvky je sn\u00ed\u017eeno. Zp\u016fsobil selh\u00e1n\u00ed c\u00edvky; dynamick\u00e9 a statick\u00e9 kontakty styka\u010de jsou sp\u00e1leny nebo sp\u00e1leny obloukem.<\/li>\r\n\t<li>Hlavn\u00ed z\u00e1vady rezistoru: P\u0159eru\u0161en\u00fd odporov\u00fd vodi\u010d povede k p\u0159eru\u0161en\u00ed obvodu rotoru; odporov\u011b uzemn\u011bn\u00e9, co\u017e m\u00e1 za n\u00e1sledek nerovnov\u00e1hu proudu rotoru, v\u00e1\u017en\u00e9 vinut\u00ed rotoru v\u00e1\u017en\u00e9 teplo; odporov\u00e9 p\u0159ipojovac\u00ed svorky tepl.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h3>Opat\u0159en\u00ed pro \u00fadr\u017ebu elektrick\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu<\/h3>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li>Zkontrolujte elektrik\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdm elektrom\u011brem, zda je t\u0159\u00edf\u00e1zov\u00e9 nap\u00e1jen\u00ed motoru norm\u00e1ln\u00ed, zda nen\u00ed podp\u011bt\u00ed, nedostate\u010dn\u00e1 f\u00e1ze atd., zda je kolektorov\u00fd krou\u017eek motoru, uhl\u00edkov\u00fd kart\u00e1\u010d a dr\u00e1t v po\u0159\u00e1dku, zda je izola\u010dn\u00ed odpor motoru zp\u016fsobil\u00e9 nebo ne, a h\u0159\u00eddel motoru nebo lo\u017eisko je opot\u0159eben\u00e9 nebo po\u0161kozen\u00e9, tak\u00e9 zp\u016fsob\u00ed tuto poruchu. Zkontrolujte a zjist\u011bte p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinu odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00ed \u00fadr\u017eby nebo v\u00fdm\u011bny po\u0161kozen\u00fdch sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed.<\/li>\r\n\t<li>Pos\u00edlit kontrolu zraniteln\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed nap\u00e1jec\u00edho zdroje posuvn\u00fdm izolovan\u00fdm trolejov\u00fdm syst\u00e9mem, v\u010dasnou opravou nebo pravidelnou v\u00fdm\u011bnou kolektoru. Pravideln\u011b nebo \u010dasto kontrolujte stav izolovan\u00e9ho veden\u00ed trolej\u00ed a upravte posuvn\u00fd z\u00e1v\u011bs tak, aby se veden\u00ed mohlo voln\u011b vysouvat. Zv\u011bt\u0161ete tepelnou rozta\u017enost potrub\u00ed, p\u0159idejte st\u00edn\u011bn\u00ed a pou\u017eijte tepeln\u00e9 \u0161t\u00edty ve venkovn\u00edm prost\u0159ed\u00ed.<\/li>\r\n\t<li>Pravideln\u011b prov\u00e1d\u011bjte komplexn\u00ed kontrolu a \u00fadr\u017ebu elektrick\u00fdch sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed v nap\u00e1jec\u00ed sk\u0159\u00edni. Zkontrolujte kabel\u00e1\u017e c\u00edvky a pevn\u00e9 \u0161rouby, zda nejsou uvoln\u011bn\u00e9, a z\u00e1vady ihned odstra\u0148te; ut\u00e1hn\u011bte uvoln\u011bn\u00e9 kontakty a po\u0161kozen\u00e9 kontakty v\u010das vym\u011b\u0148te. A odve\u010fte dobrou pr\u00e1ci p\u0159i uzav\u0159en\u00ed kontaktu styka\u010de b\u011bhem stejn\u00e9 doby inspekce a se\u0159izovac\u00edch prac\u00ed.<\/li>\r\n\t<li>Pravideln\u011b kontrolujte odpor rezistoru, zda nejsou hork\u00e1 m\u00edsta a p\u0159eru\u0161en\u00e9 vodi\u010de, dot\u00e1hn\u011bte spojovac\u00ed \u0161rouby a pravideln\u011b kontrolujte izola\u010dn\u00ed odpor rotoru a rezistoru a zda je trojf\u00e1zov\u00fd proud rotoru vyrovnan\u00fd.<\/li>\r\n\t<li><strong>Odstra\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed probl\u00e9m\u016f v elektrick\u00e9m syst\u00e9mu m\u016f\u017ee vyu\u017e\u00edvat komponenty, jako jsou kolektory, kabely, lo\u017eiska a styka\u010de.<\/strong><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>Po dlouh\u00e9 dob\u011b pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed budou n\u011bkter\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti mostov\u00e9ho je\u0159\u00e1bu nevyhnuteln\u011b podl\u00e9hat opot\u0159eben\u00ed, opot\u0159eben\u00ed, aby dos\u00e1hly <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hndfcrane.com\/cs\/posts\/how-to-determine-whether-crane-parts-need-to-change\/\">standardy konce \u017eivotnosti<\/a> je t\u0159eba vym\u011bnit za nov\u00e9 d\u00edly, aby se p\u0159ede\u0161lo nehod\u00e1m. Mezi b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 poruchy mostov\u00fdch je\u0159\u00e1b\u016f pat\u0159\u00ed z\u00e1vady komponent, z\u00e1vady regul\u00e1toru, z\u00e1vady brzd, z\u00e1vady reduktoru, elektrick\u00e9 z\u00e1vady a tak d\u00e1le. \u010c\u00e1sti, kter\u00e9 lze pou\u017e\u00edt k vy\u0159e\u0161en\u00ed t\u011bchto poruch, jsou:<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li>Z\u00e1vada sou\u010d\u00e1sti: ocelov\u00e1 lana, vod\u00edtka lana, h\u00e1ky, kladky, kola, navij\u00e1ky<\/li>\r\n\t<li>Z\u00e1vada ovlada\u010de: d\u00e1lkov\u00e9 ovl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed<\/li>\r\n\t<li>Porucha brzdy: tla\u010dn\u00e1 pru\u017eina, hlavn\u00ed pru\u017eina, pomocn\u00e1 pru\u017eina, mal\u00e1 h\u0159\u00eddel, trn, brzdov\u00fd krou\u017eek, brzdov\u00e9 kolo, t\u0159ec\u00ed desti\u010dky, brzdov\u00e1 oblo\u017een\u00ed<\/li>\r\n\t<li>Porucha reduktoru: ozuben\u00e1 kola, lo\u017eiska, t\u011bsn\u011bn\u00ed, t\u011bsn\u00edc\u00ed sk\u0159\u00ed\u0148, reduktor<\/li>\r\n\t<li>Elektrick\u00e1 z\u00e1vada: rotor motoru, lo\u017eisko, elektromagnetick\u00e1 c\u00edvka, sb\u011brac\u00ed krou\u017eek, uhl\u00edkov\u00fd kart\u00e1\u010d, kolektor<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Mostov\u00e9 je\u0159\u00e1by hraj\u00ed kl\u00ed\u010dovou roli v r\u016fzn\u00fdch pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdch odv\u011btv\u00edch, podporuj\u00ed efektivn\u00ed manipulaci s materi\u00e1lem a zjednodu\u0161uj\u00ed operace. Po dlouh\u00e9 dob\u011b a vysok\u00e9 frekvenci pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed, ovlivn\u011bn\u00e9 faktory, jako je nadm\u011brn\u00e9 zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed, jsou v\u0161ak mostov\u00e9 je\u0159\u00e1by n\u00e1chyln\u00e9 k provozn\u00edm poruch\u00e1m, kter\u00e9 n\u00e1sledn\u011b nefunguj\u00ed spr\u00e1vn\u011b a p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed ur\u010dit\u00e9 nep\u0159\u00edjemnosti pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9 [\u2026]","protected":false},"featured_media":8133,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"template":"","posts_category":[197],"posts_tag":[],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hndfcrane.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/xmxposts\/8117"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hndfcrane.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/xmxposts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hndfcrane.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/posts"}],"version-history":[{"count":15,"href":"https:\/\/www.hndfcrane.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/xmxposts\/8117\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8140,"href":"https:\/\/www.hndfcrane.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/xmxposts\/8117\/revisions\/8140"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hndfcrane.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/8133"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hndfcrane.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8117"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"posts_category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hndfcrane.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts_category?post=8117"},{"taxonomy":"posts_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hndfcrane.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts_tag?post=8117"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}