{"id":16528,"date":"2026-10-23T06:47:47","date_gmt":"2026-10-23T06:47:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hndfcrane.com\/?post_type=posts&#038;p=16528"},"modified":"2026-10-23T06:47:50","modified_gmt":"2026-10-23T06:47:50","slug":"magnetic-particle-testing-vs-penetrant-testing","status":"publish","type":"posts","link":"https:\/\/www.hndfcrane.com\/el\/posts\/magnetic-particle-testing-vs-penetrant-testing\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0394\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae \u03bc\u03b1\u03b3\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03c3\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03b4\u03af\u03c9\u03bd \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03b9\u03c3\u03b4\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03c5\u03b3\u03c1\u03ce\u03bd: \u0395\u03c0\u03b9\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b8\u03cc\u03b4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b8\u03b5\u03ce\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03cc\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b3\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"wp-block-rank-math-toc-block\" id=\"rank-math-toc\"><p>\u03a0\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b5\u03c7\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd<\/p><nav><ul><li><a href=\"#1-what-do-magnetic-particle-testing-and-penetrant-testing-detect\">1. \u03a4\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03c7\u03bd\u03b5\u03cd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b1\u03b3\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03c3\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03b4\u03af\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03b9\u03c3\u03b4\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03c5\u03b3\u03c1\u03ce\u03bd;<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#2-principles-magnetic-flux-leakage-vs-capillary-action\">2. \u0391\u03c1\u03c7\u03ad\u03c2: \u0394\u03b9\u03b1\u03c1\u03c1\u03bf\u03ae \u039c\u03b1\u03b3\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03a1\u03bf\u03ae\u03c2 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9 \u03a4\u03c1\u03b9\u03c7\u03bf\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u0394\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#3-material-selection-the-first-decision-point\">3. \u0395\u03c0\u03b9\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03ae \u03a5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd: \u03a4\u03bf \u03a0\u03c1\u03ce\u03c4\u03bf \u03a3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03bf \u0391\u03c0\u03cc\u03c6\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#4-advantages-and-limitations\">4. \u03a0\u03bb\u03b5\u03bf\u03bd\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03a0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03af<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#5-practical-points-for-crane-weld-inspection\">5. \u03a0\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b8\u03b5\u03ce\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd \u03b3\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03cd<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#6-common-misunderstandings\">6. \u03a3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ae\u03b8\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b5\u03be\u03b7\u03b3\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#conclusion\">\u03a3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b1\u03c8\u03b7<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0397 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b8\u03b5\u03ce\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c6\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03cc\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03af\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03b3\u03ad\u03c6\u03c5\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2, \u03b3\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03b3\u03ad\u03c6\u03c5\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c4\u03c3\u03ac\u03bb\u03b9, \u03b3\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03b3\u03ad\u03c6\u03c5\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b2\u03c1\u03b1\u03c7\u03af\u03bf\u03bd\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c7\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03b2\u03b4\u03b9\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03ad\u03c2. \u0397 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae \u03bc\u03b1\u03b3\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03c3\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03b4\u03af\u03c9\u03bd (MT) \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03b9\u03c3\u03b4\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd (PT) \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bf \u03bc\u03ad\u03b8\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ae\u03b8\u03c9\u03c2. \u0397 MT \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b1\u03b3\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c0\u03b5\u03b4\u03af\u03bf, \u03b5\u03bd\u03ce \u03b7 PT \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03c7\u03bf\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03ae \u03b4\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7. \u0397 MT \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03b9\u03b4\u03b7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bc\u03b1\u03b3\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac, \u03b5\u03bd\u03ce \u03b7 PT \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03af\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b1\u03b3\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd. \u0397 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03ae \u03bb\u03b1\u03bd\u03b8\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b8\u03cc\u03b4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c6\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bb\u03ac\u03c4\u03c4\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b7\u03c4\u03bf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1000\" height=\"666\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hndfcrane.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Magnetic-Particle-Testing-VS-Penetrant-Testing.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-16541\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"1-what-do-magnetic-particle-testing-and-penetrant-testing-detect\">1. \u03a4\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03c7\u03bd\u03b5\u03cd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b1\u03b3\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03c3\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03b4\u03af\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03b9\u03c3\u03b4\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03c5\u03b3\u03c1\u03ce\u03bd;<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u039a\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bf \u03bc\u03ad\u03b8\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b8\u03b5\u03c9\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03b5\u03bb\u03b1\u03c4\u03c4\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c6\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1, \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf \u03b5\u03cd\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03c7\u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><thead><tr><th>\u03a3\u03cd\u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7<\/th><th>\u0394\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae \u039c\u03b1\u03b3\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03a3\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03b4\u03af\u03c9\u03bd (MT)<\/th><th>\u0394\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03b9\u03c3\u03b4\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03c5\u03b3\u03c1\u03ce\u03bd (PT)<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>\u0395\u03cd\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03c7\u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2<\/td><td>\u0395\u03c0\u03b9\u03c6\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ac \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03ac \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c6\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bb\u03b1\u03c4\u03c4\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1<\/td><td>\u039c\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03b5\u03bb\u03b1\u03c4\u03c4\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b8\u03c1\u03b1\u03cd\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c6\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0395\u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03cc\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac<\/td><td>\u03a3\u03b9\u03b4\u03b7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bc\u03b1\u03b3\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac, \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03c7\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c7\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03b2\u03b1\u03c2, \u03c7\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03b2\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c7\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7\u03bb\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03ba\u03c1\u03ac\u03bc\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03b5\u03bd\u03c3\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03ae \u03c6\u03b5\u03c1\u03c1\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03be\u03b5\u03af\u03b4\u03c9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c7\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03b2\u03b1\u03c2<\/td><td>\u039c\u03b7 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03ce\u03b4\u03b7 \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac, \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03be\u03b5\u03af\u03b4\u03c9\u03c4\u03bf \u03c7\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03b2\u03b1, \u03b1\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03af\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf, \u03c7\u03b1\u03bb\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2, \u03ba\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac, \u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac, \u03b1\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03c7\u03bf \u03c7\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03b2\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c7\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03b2\u03b1 \u03c7\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7\u03bb\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03ba\u03c1\u03ac\u03bc\u03b1<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0395\u03c3\u03c9\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b5\u03bb\u03b1\u03c4\u03c4\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1<\/td><td>\u0394\u03b5\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03ae \u03b7 \u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03c7\u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2<\/td><td>\u0394\u03b5\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03ae \u03b7 \u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03c7\u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u03a4\u03c5\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b5\u03bb\u03b1\u03c4\u03c4\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1<\/td><td>\u0395\u03c0\u03b9\u03c6\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c1\u03c9\u03b3\u03bc\u03ad\u03c2, \u03c1\u03c9\u03b3\u03bc\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03ac \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c6\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1, \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c8\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03ad\u03c2<\/td><td>\u0395\u03c0\u03b9\u03c6\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c1\u03c9\u03b3\u03bc\u03ad\u03c2, \u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03ce\u03b4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03c4\u03ae \u03ad\u03bb\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c8\u03b7 \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b7\u03be\u03b7\u03c2<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u039c\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bb\u03ac \u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03b9\u03b1, \u03b7 \u03bc\u03b1\u03b3\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03af\u03b1 (MT) \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03c7\u03bd\u03b5\u03cd\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b5\u03bb\u03b1\u03c4\u03c4\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03ae \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c6\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1, \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03b9\u03b4\u03b7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bc\u03b1\u03b3\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac. \u0397 \u03bc\u03b1\u03b3\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03af\u03b1 (PT) \u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03c7\u03bd\u03b5\u03cd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03b5\u03bb\u03b1\u03c4\u03c4\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b4\u03ad\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c6\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1, \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b7\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03c3\u03b5 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf \u03c6\u03ac\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u03a3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7: \u03a4\u03bf \u03b2\u03ac\u03b8\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03c7\u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03ac \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c6\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b1\u03b3\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 (MT) \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ae\u03b8\u03c9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03b7\u03c4\u03cc \u03c9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 1-2 mm \u03ba\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c6\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1. \u03a4\u03bf \u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b2\u03ac\u03b8\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03ad\u03b8\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf \u03bc\u03b1\u03b3\u03bd\u03ae\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03bc\u03ad\u03b3\u03b5\u03b8\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03bb\u03b1\u03c4\u03c4\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1\u03af\u03bf\u03c2, \u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1\u03af\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b5\u03b8\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2. \u0398\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b9\u03c3\u03c7\u03cd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b9\u03c3\u03c7\u03cd\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b8\u03b5\u03ce\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2. \u03a4\u03b1 \u03b2\u03b1\u03b8\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bb\u03b1\u03c4\u03c4\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b8\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03be\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 UT \u03ae RT.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"2-principles-magnetic-flux-leakage-vs-capillary-action\">2. \u0391\u03c1\u03c7\u03ad\u03c2: \u0394\u03b9\u03b1\u03c1\u03c1\u03bf\u03ae \u039c\u03b1\u03b3\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03a1\u03bf\u03ae\u03c2 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9 \u03a4\u03c1\u03b9\u03c7\u03bf\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u0394\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"mt-magnetic-flux-leakage-attracts-particles\">\u0394\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae \u03bc\u03b1\u03b3\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03c3\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03b4\u03af\u03c9\u03bd: \u0397 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c1\u03c1\u03bf\u03ae \u03bc\u03b1\u03b3\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c1\u03bf\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b5\u03bb\u03ba\u03cd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u038c\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b9\u03b4\u03b7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bc\u03b1\u03b3\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03bc\u03b1\u03b3\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9, \u03b7 \u03bc\u03b1\u03b3\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c1\u03bf\u03ae \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c7\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b5\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5\u03cd\u03b8\u03c5\u03bd\u03c3\u03b7. \u0395\u03ac\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c1\u03c9\u03b3\u03bc\u03ae, \u03c0\u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ae \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf \u03b5\u03bb\u03ac\u03c4\u03c4\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c6\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ae \u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03ac \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae\u03bd, \u03b7 \u03c1\u03bf\u03ae \u03ba\u03ac\u03bc\u03c0\u03c4\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03b5\u03cd\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc, \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03ce\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b5\u03b4\u03af\u03bf \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c1\u03c1\u03bf\u03ae\u03c2. \u03a4\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b1\u03b3\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c3\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c3\u03c9\u03c1\u03b5\u03cd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03b5\u03b4\u03af\u03bf \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c1\u03c1\u03bf\u03ae\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c0\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b8\u03ad\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03bb\u03b1\u03c4\u03c4\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0395\u03ac\u03bd \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bb\u03ac\u03c4\u03c4\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bb\u03bf \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b1\u03b3\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c1\u03bf\u03ae, \u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03b5\u03b4\u03af\u03bf \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c1\u03c1\u03bf\u03ae\u03c2 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03cd \u03b1\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b1\u03c6\u03ae \u03ad\u03bd\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03be\u03b7. \u0395\u03c0\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03c2, \u03b7 \u03bc\u03b1\u03b3\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03af\u03b1 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u03af \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ae\u03b8\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bf \u03b1\u03bc\u03bf\u03b9\u03b2\u03b1\u03af\u03b1 \u03ba\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5\u03c5\u03b8\u03cd\u03bd\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b1\u03b3\u03bd\u03ae\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2. \u0393\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b3\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc, \u03b7 \u03bc\u03ad\u03b8\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b6\u03c5\u03b3\u03bf\u03cd \u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03cc\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ae\u03b8\u03c9\u03c2 \u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03bc\u03ae\u03ba\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03cc\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac \u03b5\u03b3\u03ba\u03ac\u03c1\u03c3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae\u03bd. \u0388\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c5\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b6\u03c5\u03b3\u03cc\u03c2 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b2\u03bf\u03b7\u03b8\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03c8\u03b7 \u03b5\u03bb\u03b1\u03c4\u03c4\u03c9\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1200\" height=\"800\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hndfcrane.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Magnetic-Particle-Inspection-for-Crane-Wheel.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-16534\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"pt-penetrant-enters-the-defect-and-developer-draws-it-out\">\u0394\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03b9\u03c3\u03b4\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03c5\u03b3\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd: \u03a4\u03bf \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03b9\u03c3\u03b4\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c5\u03b3\u03c1\u03cc \u03b5\u03b9\u03c3\u03ad\u03c1\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03b5\u03bb\u03ac\u03c4\u03c4\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03b2\u03ac\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ad\u03be\u03c9.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u03a3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd PT, \u03c4\u03bf \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03b9\u03c3\u03b4\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c5\u03b3\u03c1\u03cc \u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03cc\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c6\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03b5\u03bc\u03b1\u03c7\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03b9\u03c3\u03ad\u03c1\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bb\u03b1\u03c4\u03c4\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03b8\u03c1\u03b1\u03cd\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c6\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03c9 \u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03c7\u03bf\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03b4\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2. \u03a3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1, \u03b7 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03b9\u03c3\u03b4\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03c5\u03b3\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03cd\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03cc\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03bc\u03c6\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c5\u03b3\u03c1\u03cc. \u03a4\u03bf \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03b9\u03c3\u03b4\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c5\u03b3\u03c1\u03cc \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03b5\u03bb\u03ac\u03c4\u03c4\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03b2\u03b9\u03ad\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03c9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c6\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1, \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bf\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03ae \u03ad\u03bd\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03be\u03b7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u03a4\u03bf \u03b5\u03bb\u03ac\u03c4\u03c4\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03c4\u03cc \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c6\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1. \u0395\u03ac\u03bd \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c1\u03c9\u03b3\u03bc\u03ae \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c6\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03ac\u03bb\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03bf\u03be\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03af\u03bf\u03c5, \u03c3\u03ba\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03cc\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2, \u03c7\u03c1\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1 \u03ae \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7 \u03bc\u03cc\u03bb\u03c5\u03bd\u03c3\u03b7, \u03c4\u03bf \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03b9\u03c3\u03b4\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c5\u03b3\u03c1\u03cc \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03b9\u03c3\u03ad\u03bb\u03b8\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 PT \u03b5\u03bd\u03b4\u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b8\u03ad\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c8\u03b5\u03b9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"3-material-selection-the-first-decision-point\">3. \u0395\u03c0\u03b9\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03ae \u03a5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd: \u03a4\u03bf \u03a0\u03c1\u03ce\u03c4\u03bf \u03a3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03bf \u0391\u03c0\u03cc\u03c6\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"mt-is-limited-to-ferromagnetic-materials\">\u039f\u03b9 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b1\u03b3\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03c3\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03b4\u03af\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03b9\u03b4\u03b7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bc\u03b1\u03b3\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u039f \u03b1\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03c7\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c7\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03b2\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf \u03c7\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03b2\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c7\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7\u03bb\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03ba\u03c1\u03ac\u03bc\u03b1, \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03bf\u03b9 Q235, Q355 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 Q390, \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b9\u03b4\u03b7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bc\u03b1\u03b3\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03af \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03c7\u03b8\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5 MT. \u039f \u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03be\u03b5\u03af\u03b4\u03c9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c7\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03b2\u03b1\u03c2, \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03ce\u03bd 304 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 316, \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03ce\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b1\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03af\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf, \u03bf \u03c7\u03b1\u03bb\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c4\u03b9\u03c4\u03ac\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf, \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b9\u03b4\u03b7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bc\u03b1\u03b3\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03af \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03c7\u03b8\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5 MT.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"pt-is-suitable-for-non-porous-materials\">\u0397 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03af\u03c3\u03b4\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bb\u03b7 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b7 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03ce\u03b4\u03b7 \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0397 PT \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03b5\u03af \u03bc\u03b1\u03b3\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac, \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03b7 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c6\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b7 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03ce\u03b4\u03b7\u03c2. \u039f \u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03be\u03b5\u03af\u03b4\u03c9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c7\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03b2\u03b1\u03c2, \u03c4\u03bf \u03b1\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03af\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf, \u03bf \u03c7\u03b1\u03bb\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2, \u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac, \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac, \u03bf \u03b1\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03c7\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c7\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03b2\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf \u03c7\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03b2\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c7\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7\u03bb\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03ba\u03c1\u03ac\u03bc\u03b1 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03c7\u03b8\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5 PT. \u03a4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03ce\u03b4\u03b7 \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac, \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03bf \u03c7\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03c3\u03af\u03b4\u03b7\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03ba\u03cc\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2, \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b1\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bb\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03b9\u03c3\u03b4\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b1\u03ad\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03b9\u03c3\u03ad\u03bb\u03b8\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c8\u03b5\u03c5\u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03be\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"selection-principle-for-structural-welds\">\u0391\u03c1\u03c7\u03ae \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u03a3\u03cd\u03bc\u03c6\u03c9\u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf 8.2.6 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 GB 50661-2011, \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b9\u03b4\u03b7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bc\u03b1\u03b3\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b8\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b1\u03b3\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03c3\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03b4\u03af\u03c9\u03bd \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c6\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2. \u038c\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b7\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03bc\u03b1\u03b3\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03af\u03b1 (MT), \u03b8\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03b9\u03c3\u03b4\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03c5\u03b3\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd. \u0393\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ae\u03b8\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03b3\u03b5\u03c6\u03c5\u03c1\u03ce\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b3\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03b3\u03b5\u03c6\u03c5\u03c1\u03ce\u03bd, \u03b7 \u03bc\u03b1\u03b3\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03af\u03b1 (MT) \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ae\u03b8\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b7 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ce\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03ae \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03b1\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03c7\u03bf \u03c7\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03b2\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c7\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03b2\u03b1 \u03c7\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7\u03bb\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03ba\u03c1\u03ac\u03bc\u03b1, \u03b5\u03bd\u03ce \u03b7 \u03bc\u03b1\u03b3\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03af\u03b1 (PT) \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03be\u03b5\u03af\u03b4\u03c9\u03c4\u03bf \u03c7\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03b2\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b9\u03bd\u03af\u03bf\u03c5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"4-advantages-and-limitations\">4. \u03a0\u03bb\u03b5\u03bf\u03bd\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03a0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03af<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><thead><tr><th>\u03a3\u03cd\u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7<\/th><th>\u0394\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae \u039c\u03b1\u03b3\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03a3\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03b4\u03af\u03c9\u03bd (MT)<\/th><th>\u0394\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03b9\u03c3\u03b4\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03c5\u03b3\u03c1\u03ce\u03bd (PT)<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>\u03a4\u03b1\u03c7\u03cd\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b8\u03b5\u03ce\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2<\/td><td>\u0393\u03c1\u03ae\u03b3\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bb\u03bf \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b8\u03b5\u03ce\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03af\u03b4\u03b1\u03c2<\/td><td>\u03a0\u03b9\u03bf \u03b1\u03c1\u03b3\u03cc \u03b5\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03ae \u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03af\u03c3\u03b4\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7, \u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03b1\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03c0\u03c4\u03c5\u03be\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0395\u03c5\u03b1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b8\u03b7\u03c3\u03af\u03b1<\/td><td>\u03a5\u03c8\u03b7\u03bb\u03ae \u03b5\u03c5\u03b1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b8\u03b7\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c6\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03b4\u03cc\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c6\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c1\u03c9\u03b3\u03bc\u03ad\u03c2<\/td><td>\u03a5\u03c8\u03b7\u03bb\u03ae \u03b5\u03c5\u03b1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b8\u03b7\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b5\u03bb\u03b1\u03c4\u03c4\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b8\u03c1\u03b1\u03cd\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c6\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u039a\u03cc\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2<\/td><td>\u03a3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ae\u03b8\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c7\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7\u03bb\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf<\/td><td>\u039a\u03cc\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03ce\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03b9\u03c3\u03b4\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03bc\u03c6\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0391\u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c6\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2<\/td><td>\u03a0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c6\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b5\u03b8\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03bb\u03ac\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1, \u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ac \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03c3\u03b9\u03bb\u03b9\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03cc\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2<\/td><td>\u0397 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c6\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03b1\u03c1\u03ae, \u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03b3\u03bd\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0398\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b8\u03b5\u03ce\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7<\/td><td>\u0395\u03bd\u03b4\u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03bc\u03b1\u03b3\u03bd\u03ae\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03b1\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2<\/td><td>\u03a4\u03b1 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03bc\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03b9\u03c3\u03b4\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03bc\u03c6\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c6\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b5\u03b8\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u03a0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03af<\/td><td>\u039c\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03c3\u03b9\u03b4\u03b7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bc\u03b1\u03b3\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac\u00b7 \u03b5\u03bb\u03b1\u03c4\u03c4\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b4\u03c5\u03c3\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03af\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b4\u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd<\/td><td>\u039c\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03b5\u03bb\u03b1\u03c4\u03c4\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b8\u03c1\u03b1\u03cd\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c6\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2\u00b7 \u03b1\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bb\u03bf \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03ce\u03b4\u03b7 \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"5-practical-points-for-crane-weld-inspection\">5. \u03a0\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b8\u03b5\u03ce\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd \u03b3\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03cd<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"mt\">\u0394\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b1\u03b3\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03c3\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03b4\u03af\u03c9\u03bd<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u03a7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ae\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03ac\u03c7\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b4\u03cd\u03bf \u03b1\u03bc\u03bf\u03b9\u03b2\u03b1\u03af\u03b1 \u03ba\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5\u03c5\u03b8\u03cd\u03bd\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b1\u03b3\u03bd\u03ae\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b9\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03ba\u03af\u03bd\u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf \u03b1\u03c0\u03ce\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c1\u03c9\u03b3\u03bc\u03ce\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0391\u03c6\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03ad\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03bb\u03ac\u03b4\u03b9, \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ac \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03c3\u03b9\u03bb\u03af\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03cc\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2. \u0395\u03c0\u03b9\u03bb\u03ad\u03be\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c7\u03ae \u03ae \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03bc\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bc\u03ad\u03b8\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0391\u03c0\u03bf\u03bc\u03b1\u03b3\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae, \u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9. \u03a7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ae\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ce\u03b4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c6\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c6\u03b8\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03ba\u03cc \u03c6\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b7 \u03c6\u03b8\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1706\" height=\"1136\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hndfcrane.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Magnetic-Particle-Testing-for-Jib-Crane.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-16537\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hndfcrane.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Magnetic-Particle-Testing-for-Jib-Crane.jpg 1706w, https:\/\/www.hndfcrane.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Magnetic-Particle-Testing-for-Jib-Crane-1536x1023.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1706px) 100vw, 1706px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"pt\">\u0394\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03b9\u03c3\u03b4\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03c5\u03b3\u03c1\u03ce\u03bd<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0391\u03c6\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03ad\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03bb\u03ac\u03b4\u03b9, \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ac, \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03ba\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03cc\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2, \u03ce\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b7\u03bd \u03c6\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03c3\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03af\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b5\u03bb\u03b1\u03c4\u03c4\u03c9\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u03a1\u03c5\u03b8\u03bc\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c3\u03cd\u03bc\u03c6\u03c9\u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bf\u03b4\u03b7\u03b3\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ca\u03cc\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03c4\u03ae \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1. \u03a3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ae\u03b8\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 5-60 \u03bb\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03ac, \u03bc\u03b5 10-30 \u03bb\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03ac \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c7\u03bd\u03ac \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b8\u03b5\u03ce\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03b4\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ce\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf \u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u03a4\u03bf \u03c4\u03b5\u03bc\u03ac\u03c7\u03b9\u03bf \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2, \u03b7 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c6\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b2\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2, \u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b1 \u03be\u03ae\u03c1\u03b1\u03bd\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2, \u03b8\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 10\u201350 \u00b0C. \u0395\u03ac\u03bd \u03bf\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b8\u03ae\u03ba\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b5\u03bc\u03c0\u03af\u03c0\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03b5\u03cd\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2, \u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03cc\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03be\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd GB\/T 18851.5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 GB\/T 18851.6.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0391\u03c0\u03bf\u03c6\u03cd\u03b3\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ba\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03b1\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc. \u0395\u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03cc\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b5\u03bc\u03c6\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bb\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03ae, \u03bf\u03bc\u03bf\u03b9\u03cc\u03bc\u03bf\u03c1\u03c6\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03ce\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c6\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03ad\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03bc\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03b9\u03c3\u03b4\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03bc\u03c6\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"6-common-misunderstandings\">6. \u03a3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ae\u03b8\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b5\u03be\u03b7\u03b3\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"mt-and-pt-are-interchangeable\">\u0397 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae \u03bc\u03b1\u03b3\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03c3\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03b4\u03af\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03b9\u03c3\u03b4\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac\u03be\u03b9\u03bc\u03b5\u03c2<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0394\u03b5\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9. \u0397 \u03bc\u03b1\u03b3\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03af\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03b9\u03b4\u03b7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bc\u03b1\u03b3\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac, \u03b5\u03bd\u03ce \u03b7 \u03bc\u03b1\u03b3\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03af\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c5\u03b1\u03af\u03c3\u03b8\u03b7\u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b5\u03bb\u03b1\u03c4\u03c4\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b8\u03c1\u03b1\u03cd\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c6\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"pt-can-detect-near-surface-defects\">\u0397 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03af\u03c3\u03b4\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03c7\u03bd\u03b5\u03cd\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b5\u03bb\u03b1\u03c4\u03c4\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03ac \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c6\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0394\u03b5\u03bd \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af. \u03a4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bb\u03b1\u03c4\u03c4\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03ac \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c6\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u03be\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03bc\u03b5 MT, \u03b5\u03bd\u03ce \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b2\u03b1\u03b8\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c3\u03c9\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b5\u03bb\u03b1\u03c4\u03c4\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b8\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03be\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 UT \u03ae RT.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"mt-is-always-more-sensitive-than-pt\">\u0397 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae \u03bc\u03b1\u03b3\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03c3\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03b4\u03af\u03c9\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b9\u03bf \u03b5\u03c5\u03b1\u03af\u03c3\u03b8\u03b7\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03b9\u03c3\u03b4\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03c3\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03b4\u03af\u03c9\u03bd<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u038c\u03c7\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03af\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1. \u0397 PT \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03af\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c5\u03b1\u03af\u03c3\u03b8\u03b7\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c1\u03c9\u03b3\u03bc\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c6\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1, \u03b5\u03bd\u03ce \u03b7 MT \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c8\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b5\u03bb\u03b1\u03c4\u03c4\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03ac \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c6\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1. \u03a4\u03bf \u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1, \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c6\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b5\u03bb\u03b1\u03c4\u03c4\u03c9\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"mt-or-pt-eliminates-the-need-for-internal-inspection\">\u0397 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae \u03bc\u03b1\u03b3\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03c3\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03b4\u03af\u03c9\u03bd \u03ae \u03b7 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03b9\u03c3\u03b4\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03c6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03b3\u03ba\u03b7 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c3\u03c9\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b8\u03b5\u03ce\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0394\u03b5\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf \u03ba\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9. \u0397 MT \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 PT \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c3\u03c9\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b8\u03b5\u03ce\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7. \u0397 \u03b5\u03c3\u03c9\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03ce\u03b4\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7, \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b5\u03b3\u03ba\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03af \u03c3\u03ba\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03b1\u03c2, \u03b7 \u03ad\u03bb\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c8\u03b7 \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b7\u03be\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c3\u03c9\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c1\u03c9\u03b3\u03bc\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b8\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03be\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 UT \u03ae RT.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"every-stainless-steel-weld-must-use-pt\">\u039a\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03cc\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03be\u03b5\u03af\u03b4\u03c9\u03c4\u03bf \u03c7\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03b2\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u03af \u0394\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae \u0394\u03b9\u03b5\u03b9\u03c3\u03b4\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03a5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0397 \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1. \u039f\u03b9 \u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03af \u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03be\u03b5\u03af\u03b4\u03c9\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9 \u03c7\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03b2\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03ac\u03c2 304 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 316 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03bc\u03b7 \u03c3\u03b9\u03b4\u03b7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bc\u03b1\u03b3\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03af \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b8\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd PT. \u039f\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03b5\u03bd\u03c3\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03af \u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03be\u03b5\u03af\u03b4\u03c9\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9 \u03c7\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03b2\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03ac\u03c2 410 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 420 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03c6\u03b5\u03c1\u03c1\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03af \u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03be\u03b5\u03af\u03b4\u03c9\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9 \u03c7\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03b2\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03ac\u03c2 430 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b9\u03b4\u03b7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bc\u03b1\u03b3\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03af \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ae\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd MT. \u039f \u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03be\u03b5\u03af\u03b4\u03c9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c7\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03b2\u03b1\u03c2 duplex 2205 \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03ac\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b1\u03b3\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7, \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03b7 \u03b5\u03c5\u03b1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b8\u03b7\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c7\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7\u03bb\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c7\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03b2\u03b1. \u039f \u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03be\u03b5\u03af\u03b4\u03c9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c7\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03b2\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03b3\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b1 PT \u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"conclusion\">\u03a3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b1\u03c8\u03b7<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0397 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03cd MT \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 PT \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf\u03c8\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03af \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c4\u03c1\u03af\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03b1:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0395\u03cd\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03c7\u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2: \u0397 MT \u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03c7\u03bd\u03b5\u03cd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c6\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ac \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03ac \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c6\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bb\u03b1\u03c4\u03c4\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1, \u03b5\u03bd\u03ce \u03b7 PT \u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03c7\u03bd\u03b5\u03cd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03b5\u03bb\u03b1\u03c4\u03c4\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b8\u03c1\u03b1\u03cd\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c6\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0395\u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03cc\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac: \u0397 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03af\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03b9\u03b4\u03b7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bc\u03b1\u03b3\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac, \u03b5\u03bd\u03ce \u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03af\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bb\u03b7 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b7 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03ce\u03b4\u03b7 \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0391\u03c1\u03c7\u03ae \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03ae\u03c2: \u03a7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ae\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ce\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03ad\u03b8\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf MT \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b9\u03b4\u03b7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bc\u03b1\u03b3\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac\u00b7 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ae\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03ad\u03b8\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf PT \u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03b7 \u03bc\u03ad\u03b8\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03c2 MT \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03af.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0393\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c7\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03b2\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b5 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hndfcrane.com\/el\/overhead-cranes\/\">\u03b5\u03bd\u03b1\u03ad\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2<\/a>, \u03b3\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03b3\u03ad\u03c6\u03c5\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03b3\u03ad\u03c6\u03c5\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b2\u03c1\u03b1\u03c7\u03af\u03bf\u03bd\u03b1, \u03b5\u03be\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ce\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03ad\u03b8\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf MT \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03c7\u03bf \u03c7\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03b2\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c7\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03b2\u03b1 \u03c7\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7\u03bb\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03ba\u03c1\u03ac\u03bc\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ae\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03ad\u03b8\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf PT \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03be\u03b5\u03af\u03b4\u03c9\u03c4\u03bf \u03c7\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03b2\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03af\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf. \u039a\u03b1\u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bf \u03bc\u03b5\u03b8\u03cc\u03b4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03ad\u03b8\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf UT \u03ae RT \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c3\u03c9\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b5\u03bb\u03b1\u03c4\u03c4\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03cc\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Weld surface inspection is essential for overhead cranes, gantry cranes, jib cranes, and other steel structures. Magnetic particle testing (MT) and penetrant testing (PT) are two commonly used methods. MT relies on a magnetic field, while PT relies on capillary action. MT is limited to ferromagnetic materials, whereas PT has no magnetic-material requirement. Choosing the [&hellip;]","protected":false},"featured_media":16541,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"template":"single-SEO-Table.php","posts_category":[197],"posts_tag":[807],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hndfcrane.com\/el\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/xmxposts\/16528"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hndfcrane.com\/el\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/xmxposts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hndfcrane.com\/el\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/posts"}],"version-history":[{"count":11,"href":"https:\/\/www.hndfcrane.com\/el\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/xmxposts\/16528\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":16542,"href":"https:\/\/www.hndfcrane.com\/el\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/xmxposts\/16528\/revisions\/16542"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hndfcrane.com\/el\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/16541"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hndfcrane.com\/el\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=16528"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"posts_category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hndfcrane.com\/el\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts_category?post=16528"},{"taxonomy":"posts_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hndfcrane.com\/el\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts_tag?post=16528"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}