{"id":16301,"date":"2026-10-12T07:16:52","date_gmt":"2026-10-12T07:16:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hndfcrane.com\/?post_type=posts&#038;p=16301"},"modified":"2026-10-12T07:20:45","modified_gmt":"2026-10-12T07:20:45","slug":"crane-design-terminology","status":"publish","type":"posts","link":"https:\/\/www.hndfcrane.com\/uz\/posts\/crane-design-terminology\/","title":{"rendered":"Kran dizayni terminologiyasi: asosiy atamalar bo&#39;yicha yangi boshlanuvchilar uchun qo&#39;llanma"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"wp-block-rank-math-toc-block\" id=\"rank-math-toc\"><p>Mundarija<\/p><nav><ul><li><a href=\"#key-crane-design-terminology-parameters-and-duty-classes\">Kalit kran dizayni terminologiyasi: parametrlar va vazifa sinflari<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"#1-rated-lifting-capacity-gn\">1. Nominal ko&#39;tarish quvvati Gn<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#2-span-s\">2. Span S<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#3-gauge-k\">3. K o&#39;lchagichi<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#4-wheelbase-b\">4. G&#39;ildirak bazasi B<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#5-lifting-height-h-lowering-depth-h-and-lifting-range-d\">5. Ko&#39;tarish balandligi H, tushirish chuqurligi h va ko&#39;tarish diapazoni D<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#6-mechanism-operating-speeds\">6. Mexanizmning ishlash tezligi<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#7-wheel-load\">7. G&#39;ildirak yuki<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#8-duty-class\">8. Xizmat klassi<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><a href=\"#common-terms-for-crane-metal-structures-and-components\">Kran metall konstruksiyalari va komponentlari uchun umumiy atamalar<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"#1-crane-metal-structure\">1. Kran metall konstruktsiyasi<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#2-typical-metal-structure-types\">2. Metall konstruksiyalarning odatiy turlari<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#3-common-structural-and-component-terms\">3. Umumiy strukturaviy va komponentli atamalar<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><a href=\"#load-and-force-terms\">Yuk va kuch shartlari<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"#1-regular-loads\">1. Doimiy yuklar<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#2-accidental-loads\">2. Tasodifiy yuklar<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#3-special-loads\">3. Maxsus yuklar<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><a href=\"#performance-indicator-terms\">Ishlash ko&#39;rsatkichi shartlari<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#summary\">Xulosa<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Kranlarni loyihalash terminologiyasi muhandislik chizmalarini o&#39;qish, loyihalash hisob-kitoblarini bajarish va texnik takliflarni yetkazish uchun asos bo&#39;lib xizmat qiladi. Ushbu qo&#39;llanmada kran parametrlari, ish sinflari, metall konstruksiyalar, yuklar va ishlash ko&#39;rsatkichlarini qamrab oluvchi umumiy atamalar keltirilgan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1000\" height=\"667\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hndfcrane.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Crane-Design-Terminology-featured-image.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-16332\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"key-crane-design-terminology-parameters-and-duty-classes\">Kalit kran dizayni terminologiyasi: parametrlar va vazifa sinflari<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Kran mexanizmi parametrlari ko&#39;tarish mashinalarining ishlash ko&#39;rsatkichlarini tavsiflaydi va loyihalash va uskunalarni tanlash uchun asos yaratadi. Kranning ish klassi ko&#39;tarish quvvati va vaqtidan foydalanishni, shuningdek, ish sikllari sonini hisobga oladi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"1-rated-lifting-capacity-gn\">1. Nominal ko&#39;tarish quvvati Gn<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Nominal ko&#39;tarish quvvati - bu kran ko&#39;tara oladigan yuk yoki materialning umumiy og&#39;irligi, shuningdek, ajratib olinadigan ko&#39;tarish moslamalari (konteyner yoygichlari bundan mustasno) yoki tutqichlar, elektromagnit ko&#39;tarish moslamalari va ko&#39;tarish nurlari kabi aksessuarlar. Minora kranlari, yuk mashinalari kranlari va portal kranlari kabi o&#39;zgaruvchan radiusli kranlar uchun nominal ko&#39;tarish quvvati ish radiusi bilan o&#39;zgaradi. Nominal nominal ko&#39;tarish quvvati - bu minimal radiusda xavfsiz ish sharoitida ruxsat etilgan maksimal nominal quvvat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Oddiy foydalanishda &quot;ko&#39;tarish qobiliyati&quot; odatda nominal ko&#39;tarish qobiliyatini anglatadi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Seriyali ishlab chiqarish va standartlashtirishni qo&#39;llab-quvvatlash uchun nominal quvvatga ega seriyali standart yaratildi (1-1-jadval). Manba GB783-87 ga ishora qiladi va jihozni t sifatida ko&#39;rsatadi. Yangi ishlab chiqilgan ko&#39;tarish mashinalari uchun kran va yordamchi ko&#39;tarish mexanizmining nominal ko&#39;tarish quvvati standart seriya qiymatlariga mos kelishi kerak. Maxsus ishlashga ega uskunalar ham standart seriya qiymatlariga mos kelishi yoki iloji boricha yaqin bo&#39;lib qolishi kerak.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hndfcrane.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/table-1-1-rated-lifting-capacity-series-1.png\" alt=\"1-rasm. Yuk ko&#039;tarish mashinalari uchun maksimal nominal ko&#039;tarish quvvati seriyasi, manba 1-1-jadval\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hndfcrane.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/table-1-2-standard-crane-span.png\" alt=\"2-rasm. Yuk ko&#039;tarish mashinalari uchun maksimal nominal ko&#039;tarish quvvati seriyasi, manba 1-1-jadval\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"2-span-s\">2. Span S<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Ko&#39;prikli kran uchun oraliq - bu kranning ko&#39;prik harakatlanish relslarining markaziy chiziqlari orasidagi gorizontal masofa. U S bilan ifodalanadi, garchi ilgari L keng tarqalgan bo&#39;lsa ham va metrlarda (m) o&#39;lchanadi. Elektr ko&#39;prikli kran oraliqlari milliy standart seriyaga ega (manba 1-2-jadval). 1-1-rasmda kran oraliqlari ko&#39;rsatilgan. Ko&#39;prikli kranning oraliqlari bino oraliqlariga Sc bog&#39;liq; oraliq seriyalarida o&#39;sish odatda 3 m ni tashkil qiladi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hndfcrane.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/figure-1-1-crane-span.png\" alt=\"3-rasm. Kran oralig&#039;i\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>1-1-rasmda (a) kran oralig&#39;i va (b) ikkita relsli kranning oralig&#39;i ko&#39;rsatilgan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"3-gauge-k\">3. K o&#39;lchagichi<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>G&#39;ildirak izi deb ham ataladigan o&#39;lchagich quyidagicha ta&#39;riflanadi:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>Trolleybus uchun bu trolleybus relslarining markaziy chiziqlari orasidagi masofa.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Jib tipidagi kran uchun bu rels markaz chiziqlari yoki harakatlanuvchi g&#39;ildirak protektorlarining markaz chiziqlari orasidagi masofa.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"4-wheelbase-b\">4. G&#39;ildirak bazasi B<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>G\u02bbildirak bazasi, shuningdek, o\u02bbq oralig\u02bbi deb ham ataladi, bu kran yoki aravachaning uzunlamas\u0131na harakat yo\u02bbnalishi bo\u02bbyicha tayanch markaz chiziqlari orasidagi masofadir. G\u02bbildirak bazasi B ni o\u02bblchash tayanch g\u02bbildiraklarning joylashishiga bog\u02bbliq.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hndfcrane.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/figure-1-2-wheelbase.png\" alt=\"4-rasm. G&#039;ildirak bazasi\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"5-lifting-height-h-lowering-depth-h-and-lifting-range-d\">5. Ko&#39;tarish balandligi H, tushirish chuqurligi h va ko&#39;tarish diapazoni D<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Manba ko&#39;tarish moslamasining eng yuqori va eng past ishchi pozitsiyalaridan foydalangan holda tegishli vertikal masofalarni aniqlaydi va quyidagilarni beradi:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><code>D = H + h<\/code><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pastga tushirish chuqurligi bo&#39;lmagan hollarda, ko&#39;tarish diapazoni D ko&#39;tarish balandligi H ga teng. Ko&#39;tarish balandligi va tushirish chuqurligi mos yozuvlar nuqtasi sifatida ilgak idishining markazidan foydalanib o&#39;lchanadi. Boshqa ko&#39;tarish moslamalari, masalan, tutqichlar uchun yopiq holatdagi eng past nuqta mos yozuvlar nuqtasi sifatida ishlatiladi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hndfcrane.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/lifting-height-and-lowering-depth.png\" alt=\"5-rasm. Ko&#039;tarish balandligi va tushirish chuqurligi\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"6-mechanism-operating-speeds\">6. Mexanizmning ishlash tezligi<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Mexanizmning ishlash tezligi kran mexanizmiga qarab farq qiladi:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Ko&#39;tarish va tushirish tezligi Vn:<\/strong> barqaror ish holatidagi nominal yukning vertikal siljish tezligi, m\/min da o&#39;lchanadi.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Kran yoki ko&#39;prikda harakatlanish tezligi VR&#39;:<\/strong> gorizontal sirt yoki rels ustida nominal yukini barqaror ish holatida ko&#39;taradigan kranning harakat tezligi, m\/min da o&#39;lchanadi.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Trolleybusning harakatlanish tezligi Vt&#39;:<\/strong> gorizontal rels bo&#39;ylab nominal yukini barqaror ish holatida tashiydigan aravachaning tezligi, m\/min da o&#39;lchanadi.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hndfcrane.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/table-1-3-typical-crane-operating-speeds.png\" alt=\"6-rasm. Mexanizmning ishlash tezligiga bog&#039;liq manba diagrammasi\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"7-wheel-load\">7. G&#39;ildirak yuki<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>G&#39;ildirak yuki - bu ko&#39;prikning o&#39;z og&#39;irligi, aravachaning o&#39;z og&#39;irligi va aravachaning cheklangan holatida nominal ko&#39;tarish qobiliyati bilan birgalikda kran g&#39;ildiraklariga ta&#39;sir qiladigan maksimal vertikal bosim. Bu harakat mexanizmi va relslarni loyihalash uchun muhim asosdir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"8-duty-class\">8. Xizmat klassi<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Kranning ishlash klassi foydalanish klassiga \u2014 loyihalash muddati davomidagi ish sikllarining umumiy soniga \u2014 va yuk holatiga qarab bo&#39;linadi. Bu kranning ishi qanchalik talabchan ekanligini, shu jumladan vaqt o&#39;tishi bilan uning qanchalik bandligini va to&#39;liq yuklarni qanchalik tez-tez qayta ishlashini ko&#39;rsatadi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Manba vazifa sinflarini A1\u2013A8 ga ajratadi. Uning taxminiy taqqoslashi yengil vazifa uchun A1\u2013A4, o&#39;rtacha vazifa uchun A5\u2013A6, og&#39;ir vazifa uchun A7 va o&#39;ta og&#39;ir vazifa uchun A8. Manba 1-4-jadvalda kran vazifa sinflariga misollar keltirilgan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hndfcrane.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/table-1-4-typical-crane-working-classifications.png\" alt=\"7-rasm. Kran vazifa sinflariga misollar, manba 1-4-jadval\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"common-terms-for-crane-metal-structures-and-components\">Kran metall konstruksiyalari va komponentlari uchun umumiy atamalar<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"1-crane-metal-structure\">1. Kran metall konstruktsiyasi<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Kran metall konstruktsiyasi, shuningdek, kran po&#39;lat konstruktsiyasi deb ham ataladi, kranning turli yuklarini ko&#39;tarishga qodir konstruktsiyadir. U metall materiallardan yasalgan va payvandlash, perchinlash, boltlash va boshqa ulanish usullari yordamida aniqlangan konstruktiv tartibda yig&#39;ilgan po&#39;lat plitalar va qismlardan iborat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Kran metall konstruksiyalari yuk ko&#39;taruvchi elementlar, yuk ko&#39;tarmaydigan elementlar va ulanish qismlaridan iborat. Asosiy to&#39;sinlar, uchi to&#39;sinlar va oyoqlar yuk ko&#39;taruvchi elementlar bo&#39;lib, mustahkamlik, qattiqlik va barqarorlikni hisoblashni talab qiladi. Yo&#39;laklar, panjaralar va narvonlar yuk ko&#39;tarmaydigan elementlardir; manbada ular mustahkamlik, qattiqlik va barqarorlikni hisoblashni talab qilmasligi, ammo xavfsizlik, foydalanish qulayligi va ergonomikani hisobga olish kerakligi aytilgan. Ulanishlar asosan payvandlash va boltlashdan foydalanadi, perchinlash esa hozirda kamdan-kam qo&#39;llaniladi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"2-typical-metal-structure-types\">2. Metall konstruksiyalarning odatiy turlari<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Odatdagi turlarga ko&#39;prik konstruksiyalari, portallar, minoralar va jabduqlar kiradi. Kran metall konstruksiyalari asosiy balkalar, uch balkalar va oyoqlar kabi asosiy elementlarni tashkil etuvchi elementlar, plitalar va kesimlardan tayyorlanadi. Turli elementlar ko&#39;priklar, portallar, minoralar va jabduqlar kabi asosiy kran konstruksiyalarini hosil qiladi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"3-common-structural-and-component-terms\">3. Umumiy strukturaviy va komponentli atamalar<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Asosiy to&#39;sin:<\/strong> Yuk ko\u02bbtaruvchi yukni ko\u02bbtaruvchi ko\u02bbprik yoki portal kranning asosiy yuk ko\u02bbtaruvchi elementi.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Oyoq:<\/strong> Umumiy ish barqarorligini saqlashga yordam beradigan portal kran yoki yuk mashinasi kranining tayanch a&#39;zosi.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Jib:<\/strong> Yuklarni ko&#39;tarish va ish radiusini sozlash uchun ishlatiladigan jib tipidagi kranning sobit yoki teleskopik qo&#39;li.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Ko&#39;tarish mexanizmi:<\/strong> Yuklarni vertikal ravishda ko&#39;taradigan va tushiradigan mexanizm, dvigatel, vites qutisi, baraban, tormoz, ilgak va boshqa komponentlardan iborat.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Sayohat mexanizmi:<\/strong> Kran yoki aravachani to&#39;liq harakatga keltiruvchi mexanizm; u relsga o&#39;rnatilgan yoki relssiz bo&#39;lishi mumkin.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Burilish mexanizmi:<\/strong> Vertikal o\u02bbq atrofida tirsakni aylantiruvchi mexanizm, odatda yuk mashinalari kranlarida, gusenitsali kranlarda va minorali kranlarda qo\u02bbllaniladi.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Tormoz:<\/strong> To&#39;xtash, tezlikni cheklash va xavfsizlikni ta&#39;minlash uchun ishlatiladigan tormozlash moslamasi.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Limit tugmasi:<\/strong> Haddan tashqari harakatlanishning oldini olish uchun ko&#39;tarish balandligini, harakatlanish masofasini yoki burilish burchagini cheklaydigan xavfsizlik moslamasi.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Haddan tashqari yuk cheklovchisi:<\/strong> Ko&#39;tarilgan yuk nominal qiymatdan oshib ketganda ko&#39;tarish quvvatini avtomatik ravishda o&#39;chiradigan xavfsizlik moslamasi.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"load-and-force-terms\">Yuk va kuch shartlari<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"1-regular-loads\">1. Doimiy yuklar<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Kranning normal ishlashi paytida muntazam yuklar tez-tez uchraydi. Ularga tortishish kuchi yuklari, kranni haydash yoki tormozlash paytida hosil bo&#39;ladigan inertsial yuklar va kran po&#39;lat konstruktsiyasining siljishi yoki deformatsiyasi natijasida yuzaga keladigan yuklar kiradi. Bu yuklar mustahkamlikning buzilishi, elastiklikning beqarorligi va charchoqning buzilishini hisoblash va tekshirishda hisobga olinishi kerak.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Doimiy yuklarga quyidagilar kiradi:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li><strong>O&#39;z-o&#39;zidan og&#39;irlikdagi yuk PG:<\/strong> Kranning po&#39;lat konstruktsiyasi, mexanizmlari, elektr jihozlari va boshqa massalarining tortishish kuchi.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Nominal ko&#39;tarish yuki PQ:<\/strong> Nominal quvvatni ko&#39;tarishda umumiy ko&#39;tarilgan massaning tortishish kuchi. Ko&#39;tarish quvvati katta bo&#39;lganda, ko&#39;tarish moslamasi va sim arqonning og&#39;irligi kiritilishi kerak.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Gorizontal harakat inertsial yuk PH:<\/strong> Kran yoki aravachaning o\u02bbz massasi va ko\u02bbtarilgan massasi tomonidan uzunlamas\u0131na yoki ko\u02bbndalang harakatlanayotganda va gorizontal tekislikda tezlanish yoki tormozlanish paytida hosil bo\u02bbladigan gorizontal inersiya kuchi.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"2-accidental-loads\">2. Tasodifiy yuklar<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Tasodifiy yuklar - bu normal ish paytida tez-tez sodir bo&#39;lmaydigan, ammo vaqti-vaqti bilan paydo bo&#39;lishi mumkin bo&#39;lgan yuklar. Ular asosan quyidagi turlarni o&#39;z ichiga oladi:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li><strong>E\u011fimli Ps dan gorizontal lateral yuk:<\/strong> Kran yoki aravachaning bo&#39;ylama yoki ko&#39;ndalang harakat paytida qiyshayganida, g&#39;ildirak gardishi yoki gorizontal yo&#39;naltiruvchi g&#39;ildirak kabi yo&#39;naltiruvchi qurilmada yo&#39;naltiruvchi reaksiya natijasida yuzaga keladigan yuk.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Baho yuki Pp:<\/strong> Kran yoki aravacha o&#39;zining harakatlanuvchi relsi bo&#39;ylab tepalikka ko&#39;tarilganda yuzaga keladigan qarshilik. &quot;Harakatlanuvchi rels bo&#39;ylab&quot; so&#39;zining asl matnida matn xatosi mavjud ko&#39;rinadi va texnik ko&#39;rib chiqishni talab qiladi.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Ishlayotgan shamol yuki Pw:<\/strong> Tashqi kran ishlayotganda bardosh berishi kerak bo&#39;lgan maksimal shamol kuchi. Manbada muz, qor va harorat yuklari ham tilga olingan.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"3-special-loads\">3. Maxsus yuklar<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Maxsus yuklar - bu kran normal ishlamayotgan yoki ishlamay qolganda favqulodda sharoitlarda yuzaga keladigan yuklar. Ular asosan quyidagi turlarni o&#39;z ichiga oladi:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li><strong>To&#39;qnashuv yuki kompyuteri:<\/strong> Bir xil relsdagi ikkita qo&#39;shni kran to&#39;qnashganda yoki kran relsning oxiridagi bufer to&#39;xtash joyi bilan to&#39;qnashganda hosil bo&#39;ladigan yuk.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Gorizontal ag&#39;darilish yuki Psl:<\/strong> Masalan, staker kranida qattiq ko&#39;tarish yo&#39;naltiruvchi ramkasi ichida yoki qattiq yo&#39;naltiruvchi ramkaning pastki uchida harakatlanayotgan ob&#39;ekt yoki yuk ko&#39;tarish moslamasi to&#39;siqqa to&#39;qnashishi va kranni yoki aravachani ag&#39;darishga moyil bo&#39;lgan gorizontal kuch hosil qilishi mumkin.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Seysmik yuk PE:<\/strong> Zilzila natijasida yuzaga kelgan va ko&#39;targich tipidagi kranga ta&#39;sir qiluvchi yuk.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Ishdan chiqqan shamol yuki:<\/strong> Kran ishlamay qolganda bardosh bera oladigan maksimal shamol kuchi, N da o&#39;lchanadi.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hndfcrane.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/non-working-state-wind-load.png\" alt=\"11-rasm. Ishdan chiqqan shamol yukiga tegishli manba diagrammasi\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Boshqa yuklar muayyan vaziyatlarda, masalan, jarayon yuklarida paydo bo&#39;lishi mumkin. <strong>Charchoq yuki<\/strong> kranning takroriy ishlashi paytida konstruktsiya tomonidan boshdan kechiriladigan tsiklik o&#39;zgaruvchan yuk bo&#39;lib, uskunaning ishlash muddatiga ta&#39;sir qiladi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"performance-indicator-terms\">Ishlash ko&#39;rsatkichi shartlari<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Kuch, shu jumladan charchoq-quvvatni tekshirish:<\/strong> Tashqi kuchlar ta&#39;sirida elementning sinishdan qochish qobiliyati. Mustahkamlik cho&#39;zilish va siqish kuchi, egilish kuchi, kesish kuchi va podshipnik yoki ezish kuchini o&#39;z ichiga oladi.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Qattiqlik:<\/strong> Tashqi kuchlar ta&#39;sirida element deformatsiyasini cheklash qobiliyati. Bunga vertikal va gorizontal yo&#39;nalishdagi statik qattiqlik, shuningdek, foydalanish bilan bog&#39;liq dinamik qattiqlik kiradi.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Barqarorlik:<\/strong> Tashqi kuchlar ta&#39;sirida barqarorlikning yo&#39;qolishiga qarshi turish qobiliyati. Bunga umumiy ag&#39;darilishga qarshi qobiliyat, global a&#39;zolar barqarorligi va mahalliy barqarorlik kiradi.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Xavfsizlik omili:<\/strong> Xavfsizlik chegarasi dizaynda saqlanib qoladi va bu yerda konstruktiv yuk ko&#39;tarish qobiliyatining haqiqiy yukga nisbati sifatida belgilanadi. U amaldagi kod talablariga javob berishi kerak.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Ruxsat etilgan stress:<\/strong> Amaldagi kod strukturaviy materialning bardosh berishiga imkon beradigan maksimal kuchlanish qiymati.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hndfcrane.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/allowable-stress.png\" alt=\"12-rasm. Samaradorlik ko&#039;rsatkichlari bilan bog&#039;liq manba diagrammasi\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"summary\">Xulosa<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Bu atamalar asosiy va kranlarni loyihalashda tez-tez ishlatiladi. Ular chizmalarni tayyorlash, parametrlarni hisoblash, texnik takliflarni muhokama qilish va strukturaviy dizayn va kodni qo&#39;llashni yanada o&#39;rganishni qo&#39;llab-quvvatlaydi.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Yuk ko&#39;tarish qobiliyati, masofa, o&#39;lchov, g&#39;ildirak bazasi, ish sinflari, metall konstruksiyalar, yuklar, kuchlar va ishlash ko&#39;rsatkichlari kabi muhim kranlarni loyihalash terminologiyasi bo&#39;yicha yangi boshlanuvchilar uchun qulay qo&#39;llanma.","protected":false},"featured_media":16332,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"template":"single-SEO-Table.php","posts_category":[197],"posts_tag":[796],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hndfcrane.com\/uz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/xmxposts\/16301"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hndfcrane.com\/uz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/xmxposts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hndfcrane.com\/uz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/posts"}],"version-history":[{"count":20,"href":"https:\/\/www.hndfcrane.com\/uz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/xmxposts\/16301\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":16335,"href":"https:\/\/www.hndfcrane.com\/uz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/xmxposts\/16301\/revisions\/16335"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hndfcrane.com\/uz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/16332"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hndfcrane.com\/uz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=16301"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"posts_category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hndfcrane.com\/uz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts_category?post=16301"},{"taxonomy":"posts_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hndfcrane.com\/uz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts_tag?post=16301"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}