{"id":9765,"date":"2024-10-28T02:29:40","date_gmt":"2024-10-28T02:29:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hndfcrane.com\/?post_type=posts&#038;p=9765"},"modified":"2024-12-09T09:26:06","modified_gmt":"2024-12-09T09:26:06","slug":"overhead-crane-abnormal-noise-causes-and-repair","status":"publish","type":"posts","link":"https:\/\/www.hndfcrane.com\/uz\/posts\/overhead-crane-abnormal-noise-causes-and-repair\/","title":{"rendered":"Ko&#39;prikli kranning g&#39;ayritabiiy shovqini: 5 ta umumiy sabab va ta&#39;mirlashning samarali echimlari\u00a0"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"wp-block-rank-math-toc-block\" id=\"rank-math-toc\"><p>Mundarija<\/p><nav><ul><li><a href=\"#analysis-of-overhead-crane-abnormal-noise-causes\">Ko&#39;prikli kranning g&#39;ayritabiiy shovqin sabablarini tahlil qilish<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"#1-causes-of-the-overhead-crane-traveling-mechanism\">1. Ko&#39;prikli kranning harakatlanish mexanizmining sabablari<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#2-crane-rail-causes\">2. Kran rayining sabablari<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#3-crane-runway-girder-causes\">3. Kranning uchish-qo&#39;nish yo&#39;lagi to&#39;sinlarining sabablari<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#4-foundation-settlement-causes\">4. Vaqfni joylashtirish sabablari<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#5-electrical-causes\">5. Elektr sabablari<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><a href=\"#solutions-for-overhead-crane-abnormal-noise\">Ko&#39;prikli kran g&#39;ayritabiiy shovqin uchun echimlar<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"#1-crane-traveling-mechanism-solutions\">1. Kranning harakatlanish mexanizmi echimlari<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#2-crane-rail-solutions\">2. Kran relslari yechimlari<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#3-runway-girder-solutions\">3. Uchish-qo\u2018nish yo\u2018lagi to\u2018siqlari yechimlari<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#4-foundation-settlement-solutions\">4. Jamg&#39;arma hisob-kitoblari yechimlari<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#5-electrical-fault-solutions\">5. Elektr nosozliklarini hal qilish usullari<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><a href=\"#conclusion\">Xulosa<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Ko&#39;prikli kranning g&#39;ayritabiiy shovqini ko&#39;prikli kran ishlarida keng tarqalgan muammodir. Ushbu maqolada kranlarning ishlashidagi g&#39;ayritabiiy shovqin sabablari tahlil qilinadi, beshta potentsial omil sanab o&#39;tiladi: kranning harakatlanish mexanizmi, kran relslari, kranning uchish-qo&#39;nish yo&#39;lagi to&#39;sinlari, poydevor o&#39;rnatilishi va elektr tizimlari. Shuningdek, u sizga yordam berish umidida sanab o&#39;tilgan shovqin muammolari uchun ba&#39;zi echimlarni taqdim etadi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"analysis-of-overhead-crane-abnormal-noise-causes\">Ko&#39;prikli kranning g&#39;ayritabiiy shovqin sabablarini tahlil qilish<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Ushbu maqolada tasvirlangan g&#39;ayritabiiy shovqin, g&#39;ildiraklar, qo&#39;zg&#39;alish mexanizmlari yoki motorlar kabi komponentlar almashtirilmagan, asl holatidagi ko&#39;prikli kranlarni nazarda tutadi. Kran uskunasini almashtirish natijasida yuzaga keladigan g&#39;ayritabiiy shovqin ushbu maqola doirasida emas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"1-causes-of-the-overhead-crane-traveling-mechanism\">1. Ko&#39;prikli kranning harakatlanish mexanizmining sabablari<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"1-crane-wheel-causes\">(1) Kran g&#39;ildiragi sabablari<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Kran g&#39;ildiraklaridan kelib chiqadigan g&#39;ayritabiiy shovqin amaliy dasturlarda keng tarqalgan bo&#39;lib, asosiy sabablarga quyidagilar kiradi:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>G&#39;ildiraklarning haddan tashqari gorizontal yoki vertikal noto&#39;g&#39;ri joylashishi, kranning ishlashi paytida g&#39;ildiraklar va relslar o&#39;rtasida doimiy ishqalanish va to&#39;qnashuvga olib keladi.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Yugurish qarshiligini oshiradigan g&#39;ildirak podshipnikining yomon moylanishi va rulmanning shikastlanishi, bu yopishish va g&#39;ayritabiiy shovqinga olib keladi.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>G&#39;ildirak gardishi va kran uchish-qo&#39;nish yo&#39;lagining haddan tashqari a\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"2-guide-wheel-causes\">(2) Qo&#39;llanma g&#39;ildiragi sabablari<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Kranning yo&#39;naltiruvchi g&#39;ildiraklari vertikal o&#39;qi bo&#39;lgan g&#39;ildiraklar bo&#39;lib, ular kran yoki trolleybusning to&#39;g&#39;ri yo&#39;nalishda yo&#39;lda turishiga yordam beradi. Qo&#39;llanma g&#39;ildiraklarining noto&#39;g&#39;ri o&#39;rnatilishi yoki sozlanishi hidoyat g&#39;ildiraklari va kran relslari o&#39;rtasida ishqalanish yoki to&#39;qnashuvga olib kelishi mumkin, bu esa g&#39;ayritabiiy shovqinga olib keladi. 1-rasmda ko&#39;rsatilganidek, hidoyat g&#39;ildiraklarining a\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131 juda jiddiy bo&#39;lishi mumkin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1410\" height=\"940\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hndfcrane.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Guide-wheel-wear-causes-Overhead-Crane-Abnormal-Noise.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-9771\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">1-rasm<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"3-drive-mechanism-causes\">(3) Drayv mexanizmi sabablari<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Ushbu maqolada muhokama qilingan kranni boshqarish mexanizmi misol sifatida &quot;uchtasi birda&quot; qo&#39;zg&#39;alish mexanizmidan foydalanadi, ammo alohida tartibga solingan tizimlarga ham murojaat qilish mumkin. Drayv mexanizmidagi g&#39;ayritabiiy shovqinning asosiy sabablari quyidagilardan iborat:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>&quot;Uch-in-one&quot; reduktoridan g&#39;ayritabiiy shovqin, tishli eskirish yoki singan tishlar.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ikki yoki undan ortiq tormoz sinxronlashtirilmagan, shikastlanmagan yoki yo&#39;qolgan (2-rasmda ko&#39;rsatilganidek).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Eskigan bufer yostiqchalari (3-rasmda ko&#39;rsatilganidek).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"900\" height=\"600\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hndfcrane.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/brake-missing.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-9773\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">2-rasm<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1354\" height=\"902\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hndfcrane.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Buffer-pad-wear.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-9774\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">3-rasm<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"4-crane-main-girder-causes\">(4) Kranning asosiy to&#39;sinli sabablari<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Kranning asosiy kamaridan kelib chiqadigan kranning harakat mexanizmidagi g&#39;ayritabiiy shovqinning asosiy sabablari quyidagilardan iborat:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>Kranning asosiy kamarining haddan tashqari gorizontal egilishi, diagonalning noto&#39;g&#39;riligiga olib keladi.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Kranning g&#39;ildirak bazasida o&#39;zgarishlarga olib keladigan asosiy to&#39;sinning kamberidagi sezilarli o&#39;zgarishlar.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"2-crane-rail-causes\">2. Kran rayining sabablari<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Uzoq muddatli kran ishlagandan so&#39;ng, ayniqsa to&#39;liq yuk ostida, relslardagi stress kuchayadi, bu esa kranning ishlashi paytida g&#39;ayritabiiy shovqinga olib kelishi mumkin. Agar parvarish qilish etarli bo&#39;lmasa, muammolar yanada aniqroq bo&#39;lishi mumkin. Anormal shovqinning asosiy sabablari temir yo&#39;l bilan bog&#39;liq:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>Rey qisqich somunlarining etarli darajada tortilmasligi yoki bo&#39;shashmasligi (4-rasmga qarang), bo&#39;shashgan joylarda relsning deformatsiyasiga olib keladi va kran harakati paytida g&#39;ayritabiiy shovqinga olib keladi.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Temir yo&#39;l va kran to&#39;sinlari orasidagi ortiqcha bo&#39;shliqlar, etishmayotgan yoki noto&#39;g&#39;ri joylashtirilgan shim plitalari.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Baliq plitalari bilan bog&#39;langan temir yo&#39;l bo&#39;g&#39;inlarining vertikal noto&#39;g&#39;ri joylashishi yoki sozlanmagan ruxsat etilgan bardoshlik chegarasidan oshib ketishi, kran uning ustidan o&#39;tganda g&#39;ayritabiiy shovqinni keltirib chiqaradi.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Baliq plitalari bilan bog&#39;langan temir yo&#39;l bo&#39;g&#39;inlarining gorizontal noto&#39;g&#39;ri joylashishi, g&#39;ayritabiiy shovqinga olib keladi; ortiqcha bo&#39;shliqlar bilan baliq plitasining ulanishlari (5-rasmga qarang).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Payvandlangan relsli qo&#39;shma tikuvlarning etarli darajada silliqligi yoriqlar yoki bo&#39;g&#39;inlarning ajralishiga olib keladi.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Yo&#39;qolgan rels qisqichlari g&#39;ayritabiiy shovqinga olib keladi.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Reyning uzunligi bo&#39;ylab gorizontal yoki vertikal tekislashda haddan tashqari og&#39;ish.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ruxsat etilgan og&#39;ishdan oshib ketgan temir yo&#39;l oralig&#39;i.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ikki parallel relsning tepalari orasidagi haddan tashqari balandlik farqi.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ikki parallel relslar orasidagi temir yo&#39;l qo&#39;shma pozitsiyalarining noto&#39;g&#39;ri yoki etarli bo&#39;lmagan uzunlamas\u0131na siljishi.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Temir yo&#39;lning yon tomonlarida kuchli a\u015f\u0131nma.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1164\" height=\"776\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hndfcrane.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Rail-clamp-nut-insufficiently-tightened.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-9775\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">4-rasm<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1152\" height=\"768\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hndfcrane.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Excessive-gap-at-the-rail-joint.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-9776\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">5-rasm<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"3-crane-runway-girder-causes\">3. Kranning uchish-qo&#39;nish yo&#39;lagi to&#39;sinlarining sabablari<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>Po&#39;lat uchish-qo&#39;nish yo&#39;lagining haddan tashqari pastga egilishi yoki to&#39;sinning lateral egilishi.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Uchish-qo&#39;nish yo&#39;lagi to&#39;sindagi bo&#39;sh bo&#39;g&#39;inlar.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Uchish-qo&#39;nish yo&#39;lagini bog&#39;laydigan bo&#39;sh yoki etishmayotgan murvatlar.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Qo&#39;shni to&#39;sinlar orasidagi haddan tashqari balandlik farqi (6-rasmga qarang).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Beton kran to&#39;sinlari va relslar orasidagi beton grunt qatlami yoki tekislash qatlamining yorilishi yoki sinishi.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1178\" height=\"784\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hndfcrane.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Excessive-height-deviation-between-runway-girders.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-9777\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">6-rasm<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"4-foundation-settlement-causes\">4. Vaqfni joylashtirish sabablari<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Poydevorning joylashishi tuproq qatlamlarining qo&#39;shimcha kuchlanish ostida siqilishini anglatadi, bu esa sirt cho&#39;kishiga olib keladi. Haddan tashqari joylashish, ayniqsa notekis joylashish binolarning egilishi, yorilishi va yaroqsiz holga kelishiga olib kelishi mumkin. Jamg&#39;arma hisob-kitobi butun zavod tuzilishi bilan bog&#39;liq umumiy masala. U bir necha metrli kichik mahalliy aholi punktidan o&#39;nlab metrli keng ko&#39;lamli umumiy aholi punktigacha bo&#39;lishi mumkin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Mahalliy turar-joy uchish-qo&#39;nish yo&#39;lagining to&#39;sin qismlarining cho&#39;kib ketishiga olib kelishi mumkin, buning natijasida cho&#39;kib ketgan kamar va kran relslari orasidagi bo&#39;shliqlar paydo bo&#39;ladi (7-rasmga qarang). Bu bo&#39;shliq temir yo&#39;lda kuchlanish kuchayishi sababli kranning ishlashi paytida g&#39;ayritabiiy shovqinga olib keladi. Vaqt o&#39;tishi bilan to&#39;g&#39;ri ta&#39;mirlanmasa va takomillashtirilmasa, u zararlangan hududlarda doimiy deformatsiyaga yoki kran relsiga zarar etkazishi mumkin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1556\" height=\"1038\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hndfcrane.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/A-gap-has-formed-between-the-runway-girder-and-the-crane-rail.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-9778\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hndfcrane.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/A-gap-has-formed-between-the-runway-girder-and-the-crane-rail.png 1556w, https:\/\/www.hndfcrane.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/A-gap-has-formed-between-the-runway-girder-and-the-crane-rail-1536x1025.png 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1556px) 100vw, 1556px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">7-rasm<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Umumiy yotqizish poydevor qo&#39;yishning yanada og&#39;ir shakli bo&#39;lib, uchish-qo&#39;nish yo&#39;lagining keng miqyosda cho&#39;kishiga olib keladi. O&#39;rnatishning notekisligi balandlikning o&#39;zgarishiga yoki uchish-qo&#39;nish yo&#39;lagining gorizontal deformatsiyasiga olib keladi, bu esa o&#39;z navbatida kran relslarida mos keladigan vertikal yoki gorizontal deformatsiyani keltirib chiqaradi. Kranning ishlashi paytida g&#39;ayritabiiy shovqin yanada aniqroq bo&#39;lib, yuqori tezlikda ishlashni qiyinlashtiradi yoki hatto imkonsiz qiladi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"5-electrical-causes\">5. Elektr sabablari<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Ko&#39;p hollarda kranning ishlashi paytida g&#39;ayritabiiy shovqin mexanik muammolar tufayli yuzaga kelgan bo&#39;lsa-da, ba&#39;zi elektr omillari ham hissa qo&#39;shishi mumkin. Bularga dvigatel yoki tormoz simlaridagi bo&#39;sh yoki yomon ulanishlar, shuningdek, tormoz prokladkalarining shikastlanishi yoki a\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131 kiradi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"solutions-for-overhead-crane-abnormal-noise\">Ko&#39;prikli kran g&#39;ayritabiiy shovqin uchun echimlar<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Ko&#39;prikli kran ishidagi g&#39;ayritabiiy shovqinning har bir sababi tegishli echimlar bilan hal qilinadi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"1-crane-traveling-mechanism-solutions\">1. Kranning harakatlanish mexanizmi echimlari<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"1-crane-wheel-solutions\">(1) Kran g&#39;ildiragi yechimlari<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>Haddan tashqari gorizontal yoki vertikal noto&#39;g&#39;ri chiziq bilan bog&#39;liq muammolar uchun <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hndfcrane.com\/uz\/crane-wheels\/\">kran g&#39;ildiraklari<\/a>, birinchi navbatda sozlash miqdori o&#39;lchanishi kerak. ga murojaat qiling <a href=\"https:\/\/openstd.samr.gov.cn\/bzgk\/gb\/newGbInfo?hcno=D60C84F3FEFE22AA76E102003DB317C6\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">GB\/T 14405-2011<\/a>, va o&#39;lchangan qiymatlar asosida tuzatishlar kiriting. Gorizontal noto&#39;g&#39;ri tekislashni sozlashda, g&#39;ildiraklar guruhining vertikal tekisligiga, vertikal noto&#39;g&#39;ri tekislash uchun esa gorizontal tekislikka o&#39;rnating. Sozlashdan so&#39;ng, sinovdan o&#39;tkazing va kran g&#39;ildiraklari va temir yo&#39;l orasidagi bo&#39;shliqni tekshiring.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>G&#39;ildirak podshipniklarini yomon moylash ish qarshiligini oshiradigan muammolar uchun darhol moylash moyini qo&#39;shish kerak. Shundan so&#39;ng, rulmanlarning moslashuvchanligini tekshirish uchun sinov o&#39;tkazing. Agar rulmanning shikastlanishi yopishib qolish yoki g&#39;ayritabiiy shovqinga olib kelsa, boshqa muammolarni oldini olish uchun rulmanlarni darhol almashtirish kerak.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Kran g&#39;ildiragi gardish va relsning haddan tashqari a\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131 uchun, avvalo, g&#39;ildirakning haddan tashqari noto&#39;g&#39;ri hizalanmas\u0131 yoki relsning noto&#39;g&#39;ri o&#39;rnatilishi kabi a\u015f\u0131nma sabablarini o&#39;rganing. G&#39;ildirak gardishidagi normal eskirishni davolashsiz qoldirilishi mumkin, ammo eskirish gardishning dizayn qalinligining 40% dan oshsa, g&#39;ildirakni almashtirish kerak.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"2-guide-wheel-solutions\">(2) Guide Wheel Solutions<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Qo&#39;llanma g&#39;ildiraklarining noto&#39;g&#39;ri o&#39;rnatilishi yoki sozlanishi natijasida paydo bo&#39;lgan g&#39;ayritabiiy shovqin uchun, kranning ishlashi paytida bo&#39;shliq yoki minimal ishqalanish yoki to&#39;qnashuv mavjudligiga ishonch hosil qilish uchun hidoyat g&#39;ildiragi va rels orasidagi bo&#39;shliqni sozlang. Joylashuv bloki mos yoki yo&#39;qligini tekshiring, agar bo&#39;lmasa, uni qayta sozlang. Kran relslariga perpendikulyar va bo&#39;ylab gorizontal yo&#39;naltiruvchi g&#39;ildiraklarning eksenel parallellik tolerantligini, shuningdek, balandlik bardoshliligini tekshirish uchun GB \/ T 10183.1-2018 ga qarang. Haqiqiy qiymatlar tolerantlikdan oshib ketadigan har qanday joylarni sozlang.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"3-drive-mechanism-solutions\">(3) Drayv mexanizmi yechimlari<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>&quot;Uch-in-one&quot; reduktoridan g&#39;ayritabiiy shovqin borligi uchun shovqin paydo bo&#39;lgan joyni tekshiring. Viteslar eskirgan yoki singan tishlari bo&#39;lsa, viteslarni almashtirish kerak.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ikki yoki undan ortiq tormoz sinxronlashtirilmagan holatlarda tormozlarning to&#39;g&#39;ri ishlayotganligini tekshiring. Tormoz bo&#39;shliqlarini o&#39;lchash va ularning talab qilinadigan texnik shartlarga javob berishini ta&#39;minlash uchun sensorli o&#39;lchagichdan foydalaning; agar bo&#39;lmasa, bo&#39;shliqlarni mos ravishda moslashtiring.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Agar tormoz yoki tampon prokladkalari shikastlangan bo&#39;lsa, ularni almashtirish va muntazam tekshiruvlarni o&#39;tkazish kerak.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"4-crane-main-girder-solutions\">(4) Kranning asosiy to&#39;sinli echimlari<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Kranning asosiy to&#39;sinlari odatda osonlikcha deformatsiyalanmaydi. Agar deformatsiya sodir bo&#39;lsa, dizaynning mos kelishini, ishlab chiqarishning dizayn talablariga javob berishini, ishlab chiqarish jarayonining qurilish standartlariga mos kelishini va kranni o&#39;rnatish standartga mos kelishini tekshirish kerak. Asosiy to&#39;sinning haddan tashqari gorizontal egilishi yoki kamberdagi sezilarli o&#39;zgarishlar kabi muammolar uchun, odatda, payvandlash joylarini mustahkamlash yoki olovli isitishdan foydalanish kabi tuzatish usullari qo&#39;llaniladi. Ta&#39;mirlash odatda ishlab chiqaruvchi yoki professional guruhlarni jalb qilishni talab qiladi. Asosiy to&#39;sinni tekshirish GB\/T 14405-2011 ga asoslanib o&#39;tkazilishi mumkin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"2-crane-rail-solutions\">2. Kran relslari yechimlari<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Kran relslarini qayta ishlash, muammolarni dastlabki bosqichda hal qilish, uskunaning shikastlanishiga yo&#39;l qo&#39;ymaslik uchun muntazam texnik xizmat ko&#39;rsatish va ta&#39;mirlashga qaratilishi kerak.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>Etarlicha tortilmagan yoki bo&#39;shashgan relsli qisqich gaykalari bilan bog&#39;liq muammolar uchun yong&#39;oqlarning to&#39;g&#39;ri tortilishini ta&#39;minlash uchun muntazam tekshiruvlar va rejali parvarishlash kombinatsiyasidan foydalanish kerak.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Temir yo&#39;l va uchish-qo&#39;nish yo&#39;lagi o&#39;rtasidagi haddan tashqari bo&#39;shliqlar uchun yoki bo&#39;shliqning uzunligi juda uzun bo&#39;lsa, temir yo&#39;lning pastki qismini to&#39;sinning yuqori qismiga yaqinroq qilish uchun po&#39;latdan yasalgan uchish-qo&#39;nish yo&#39;lagini sozlang. Agar bo&#39;shliq 200 mm dan oshsa, uzunligi kamida 100 mm va kengligi rels tagidan 10-20 mm kengroq bo&#39;lgan shim plitalaridan foydalaning. Har bir to&#39;plamda uchtadan ko&#39;p bo&#39;lmagan shim plitalari ishlatilmasligi kerak va ular temir to&#39;singa ishonchli tarzda payvandlangan bo&#39;lishi kerak. Beton nurlar uchun temir nurlarga o&#39;xshash usuldan foydalaning. Vaqt o&#39;tishi bilan tez-tez eskirishi sababli elastik shim plitalari tavsiya etilmaydi.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Baliq plitasining relsli bo&#39;g&#39;inlarida haddan tashqari vertikal yoki gorizontal noto&#39;g&#39;ri hizalanmalar uchun baliq plastinkalarida a\u015f\u0131nma mavjudligini tekshiring. Haddan tashqari eskirish aniqlansa, baliq plitalarini almashtiring. Keyinchalik, vertikal va gorizontal noto&#39;g&#39;ri chiziq 1 mm dan oshmasligi va temir yo&#39;l bo&#39;g&#39;inlaridagi bo&#39;shliq 2 mm dan oshmasligi uchun relsli bo&#39;g&#39;inlar va relslarni sozlang. Harorat farqi 20 \u00b0 C va undan yuqori bo&#39;lgan hududlarda yoki qishki o&#39;rnatish vaqtida 4-6 mm gacha bo&#39;lgan qo&#39;shma bo&#39;shliqni hisobga oling. O&#39;lchash uchun po&#39;lat o&#39;lchagich va o&#39;lchagichdan foydalaning.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Payvandlangan temir yo&#39;l bo&#39;g&#39;inlarida etarli darajada silliqlik bo&#39;lmasa, kerakli temir yo&#39;l bo&#39;g&#39;inlari standartlariga javob berish uchun bo&#39;g&#39;inning yuqori va yon tomonlarini silliqlash uchun silliqlash g&#39;ildiragidan foydalaning. Payvandlangan temir yo&#39;l bo&#39;g&#39;inlarining yorilishi yoki bo&#39;shashishi bilan bog&#39;liq muammolar uchun maxsus materiallar va jarayonlarga ega bo&#39;lgan maxsus payvandlash xodimlari ta&#39;mirlash bilan shug&#39;ullanishi kerak. Kranli temir yo&#39;l tizimlarining murakkabligi tufayli, payvandlashdan keyin yorilish yoki bo&#39;shashish xavfi hali ham mavjud. Shuning uchun, ko&#39;prikli kranli temir yo&#39;l bo&#39;g&#39;inlari uchun payvandlash ustida baliq plitasi ulanishlari tavsiya etiladi.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Temir yo&#39;l qisqichlari etishmayotganidan kelib chiqadigan g&#39;ayritabiiy shovqin uchun, etishmayotgan komponentlarni tekshiring va kranning normal ishlashini ta&#39;minlash uchun ularni mahkamlang.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Temir yo&#39;lning uzunligi bo&#39;ylab haddan tashqari gorizontal yoki vertikal egrilik og&#39;ishi uchun relsni 2 metr uzunlikdagi gorizontal og&#39;ish 1 mm dan oshmasligi va vertikal og&#39;ish 2 mm dan oshmasligi uchun relsni sozlang. O&#39;lchov po&#39;lat simli usul yordamida amalga oshirilishi mumkin.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Kran relslari oralig\u02bbidagi og\u02bbishlar ruxsat etilgan tolerantlikdan oshib ketganda, relslarni maksimal ruxsat etilgan masofa og\u02bbishi DS quyidagicha bo\u02bblishini ta\u02bcminlash uchun sozlang:\n<ul>\n<li>S\u226416 m bo&#39;lganda, \u25b3S =\u00b15 mm<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Qachon S\uff1e16 m, \u25b3S =\u00b1[5+0,25(S-16)]mm<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>DS: kran relsi oralig&#39;ining og&#39;ishi<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>S: kran relslari oralig&#39;i<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Maksimal og&#39;ish \u00b1 15 mm dan oshmasligi kerak. Muayyan amalga oshirish uchun GB \/ T 10183.1-2018 ga qarang, Kran relslari oralig&#39;ini po&#39;lat lenta va kamon shkalasi yordamida o&#39;lchash mumkin.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ikki parallel kran relslarining tepalari orasidagi haddan tashqari balandlik farqlari uchun balandlik farqi 10 mm dan oshmasligini ta&#39;minlash uchun uchish-qo&#39;nish yo&#39;lagi to&#39;sin va relsni sozlang. Bir nechta o&#39;lchovlarni olish uchun darajadan foydalaning.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Bo&#39;ylama bo&#39;ylab cho&#39;zilgan yoki noto&#39;g&#39;ri stagger masofalariga ega bo&#39;lgan parallel relsli birikmalar uchun masofa 600 mm dan kam bo&#39;lmasligi va kranning old va orqa g&#39;ildiraklarining g&#39;ildirak bazasiga mos kelmasligi uchun relslarni sozlang.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Agar relsning yon tomonlaridagi eskirish asl rels kengligidan 15% dan oshsa, relslarni almashtirish kerak.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"3-runway-girder-solutions\">3. Uchish-qo\u2018nish yo\u2018lagi to\u2018siqlari yechimlari<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Uchish-qo&#39;nish yo&#39;lagining sifati temir yo&#39;lni o&#39;rnatish sifatini ta&#39;minlash uchun asosdir. Reylarni o&#39;rnatishdan oldin, uchish-qo&#39;nish yo&#39;lagi to&#39;sinlarini o&#39;rnatish og&#39;ishi talab qilinadigan standartlarga mos kelishini ta&#39;minlash kerak. Temir yo&#39;lni o&#39;rnatishdan oldin uchish-qo&#39;nish yo&#39;lagining to&#39;sinlarini batafsil tekshirish o&#39;tkazilishi kerak va tekshirish vaqtida uchish-qo&#39;nish yo&#39;lagining asosiy chizig&#39;i belgilanishi kerak. Buni teodolit yordamida o&#39;lchash mumkin, darajani esa tekislash moslamasi bilan o&#39;lchash mumkin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Po&#39;lat uchish-qo&#39;nish yo&#39;lagi to&#39;sinlarini qabul qilish GB 50205-2017, temir-beton uchish-qo&#39;nish yo&#39;lagi to&#39;sinlarini qabul qilish esa GB 50204-2015 ga amal qilishi kerak. Hozirgi vaqtda gibrid po&#39;lat-beton uchish-qo&#39;nish yo&#39;lagi to&#39;sinlari uchun maxsus standart mavjud emas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>Po&#39;lat uchish-qo&#39;nish yo&#39;lagi to&#39;sinning haddan tashqari pastga egilishi yoki lateral egilishi kabi muammolar uchun dizaynning talab qilinadigan standartlarga javob berishini va o&#39;rnatishning malakali ekanligini tekshirish kerak. Ta&#39;mirlash uchun to&#39;sinni tuzatish uchun isitish usullaridan foydalanish mumkin.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Uchish-qo&#39;nish yo&#39;lagi to&#39;sindagi bo&#39;shashgan bo&#39;g&#39;inlar yoki bo&#39;shashgan va etishmayotgan murvatlar uchun payvand choklarini ta&#39;mirlash va murvatlarni mahkamlash amalga oshirilishi kerak. Qo&#39;shni to&#39;sinlar orasidagi balandlikning haddan tashqari o&#39;zgarishi bo&#39;lsa, balandlikning og&#39;ishini kamaytirish uchun qo&#39;shni uchish-qo&#39;nish yo&#39;lagi to&#39;sinlarining balandligini sozlang.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Beton grunt qatlami yoki beton kran to&#39;sinlari va temir yo&#39;l orasidagi tekislash qatlami shikastlangan bo&#39;lsa, ikkilamchi quyma qatlamning qalinligini tekshiring. Qalinligi etarli bo&#39;lmasa, boshqa usullardan foydalanish tavsiya etiladi. Qalinligi etarli bo&#39;lsa, tsement quyish uchun yangi qoliplarni o&#39;rnatish kerak va tsement to&#39;g&#39;ri quriganidan so&#39;ng, kran ishlashni davom ettirishi mumkin.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"4-foundation-settlement-solutions\">4. Jamg&#39;arma hisob-kitoblari yechimlari<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Dastlabki bosqichda poydevor qo&#39;yish nisbatan keng tarqalgan hodisa. Poydevor texnologiyasi taraqqiyotda davom etar ekan, keng ko&#39;lamli aholi punktlari bilan bog&#39;liq muammolar kamroq bo&#39;lib qoldi, ammo mahalliylashtirilgan joylashuv hali ham vaqti-vaqti bilan sodir bo&#39;ladi. Mahalliylashtirilgan joylashish odatda kichik miqyosda sodir bo&#39;ladi, ammo baribir oldini olish va davolashni talab qiladi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(1) Oldini olish: Hisob-kitoblarni kuzatish punktlarini o&#39;rnatish orqali hisob-kitoblarni kuzatish mumkin. Hisoblash miqdorini o&#39;lchash uchun odatda aniq tekislash usullari qo&#39;llaniladi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(2) Davolash: Poydevorning joylashishi natijasida kelib chiqqan uchish-qo&#39;nish yo&#39;lagining lokalizatsiyasi uchun cho&#39;kishni bartaraf etish va o&#39;z navbatida kranni ishlatish paytida g&#39;ayritabiiy shovqin muammolarini hal qilish uchun professional ta&#39;mirlash ishlari olib borilishi kerak. Mahalliylashtirilgan joylashuv kichik bo&#39;lsa, uchish-qo&#39;nish yo&#39;lagi to&#39;sinlari va relslar o&#39;rtasida shim plitalari qo&#39;llanilishi mumkin, lekin kranni ishlatish vaqtida ularning ajralib ketishiga yo&#39;l qo&#39;ymaslik uchun shim plitalari mahkam o&#39;rnatilishi kerak.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"5-electrical-fault-solutions\">5. Elektr nosozliklarini hal qilish usullari<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Kran dvigatelidagi yoki tormoz simlaridagi bo&#39;sh yoki noto&#39;g&#39;ri ulanishlar natijasida yuzaga keladigan g&#39;ayritabiiy shovqin uchun ulanish terminallari zudlik bilan tortilishi kerak va muntazam tekshiruvlar rejalashtirilishi kerak. Tormoz prokladkalari shikastlangan bo&#39;lsa, ularni almashtirish kerak. Tormoz prokladkalari eskirgan bo&#39;lsa, avval simlarning to&#39;g&#39;ri ishlashini tekshiring, so&#39;ngra tormoz prokladkalarini kuzating. Vaqti-vaqti bilan nosozliklar yuzaga kelsa, tormoz prokladkalarini almashtiring va yetarlicha ehtiyot qismlar mavjud bo&#39;lsa, kelajakda muammolarni oldini olish uchun almashtirishni davom eting.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"conclusion\">Xulosa<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Yuqori kranning g&#39;ayritabiiy shovqinini bartaraf etish kranning silliq ishlashini ta&#39;minlash va keyingi mexanik muammolarni oldini olish uchun juda muhimdir. Umumiy sabablarni tushunish va tegishli echimlarni amalga oshirish orqali operatorlar ishlamay qolish vaqtini va qimmat ta&#39;mirlashni sezilarli darajada kamaytirishi mumkin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Malumot: <a href=\"https:\/\/kns.cnki.net\/kcms2\/article\/abstract?v=SY7jeTtuViJwsgF4VBafKQNIuxEg5xnoe-I_SZkXPyqPzOhn1Ij1qXL86_-VJCvb_O_qSsEJPoK7sBNycVHgcZvNr4A9csFbP3OSq7hiwnLmpIqKFZpEofPjT_1cPiSKJ7qSVLb-8xN1Xo15aynq2-mEYh6Q6f47Bls33oS1566KuYoq5Q0A5YTL3JbRcSr6&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT&amp;language=CHS\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Ko&#39;prikli kran ishlarida g&#39;ayritabiiy shovqinlarni tahlil qilish va echimlar<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Ko&#39;prikli kranning g&#39;ayritabiiy shovqini ko&#39;prikli kran ishlarida keng tarqalgan muammodir. Ushbu maqolada ko&#39;pikli kran ishlarida g&#39;ayritabiiy shovqin sabablari tahlil qilinadi, beshta potentsial omil sanab o&#39;tiladi: kranning harakatlanish mexanizmi, kran relslari, kranning uchish-qo&#39;nish yo&#39;lagi to&#39;sinlari, poydevor o&#39;rnatilishi va elektr tizimlari. Shuningdek, u sanab o&#39;tilgan shovqin muammolari uchun ba&#39;zi echimlarni taqdim etadi, bu esa [...]","protected":false},"featured_media":9789,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"template":"single-SEO-Table.php","posts_category":[197],"posts_tag":[249,247,248],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hndfcrane.com\/uz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/xmxposts\/9765"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hndfcrane.com\/uz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/xmxposts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hndfcrane.com\/uz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/posts"}],"version-history":[{"count":12,"href":"https:\/\/www.hndfcrane.com\/uz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/xmxposts\/9765\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10212,"href":"https:\/\/www.hndfcrane.com\/uz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/xmxposts\/9765\/revisions\/10212"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hndfcrane.com\/uz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/9789"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hndfcrane.com\/uz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9765"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"posts_category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hndfcrane.com\/uz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts_category?post=9765"},{"taxonomy":"posts_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hndfcrane.com\/uz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts_tag?post=9765"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}