{"id":16528,"date":"2026-10-23T06:47:47","date_gmt":"2026-10-23T06:47:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hndfcrane.com\/?post_type=posts&#038;p=16528"},"modified":"2026-10-23T06:47:50","modified_gmt":"2026-10-23T06:47:50","slug":"magnetic-particle-testing-vs-penetrant-testing","status":"publish","type":"posts","link":"https:\/\/www.hndfcrane.com\/vi\/posts\/magnetic-particle-testing-vs-penetrant-testing\/","title":{"rendered":"Ki\u1ec3m tra b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u1eeb t\u00ednh so v\u1edbi ki\u1ec3m tra b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea9m th\u1ea5u: L\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n c\u1ea7n c\u1ea9u"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"wp-block-rank-math-toc-block\" id=\"rank-math-toc\"><p>M\u1ee5c l\u1ee5c<\/p><nav><ul><li><a href=\"#1-what-do-magnetic-particle-testing-and-penetrant-testing-detect\">1. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ki\u1ec3m tra b\u1eb1ng h\u1ea1t t\u1eeb t\u00ednh v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea9m th\u1ea5u ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng g\u00ec?<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#2-principles-magnetic-flux-leakage-vs-capillary-action\">2. Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd: S\u1ef1 r\u00f2 r\u1ec9 t\u1eeb th\u00f4ng so v\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng mao d\u1eabn<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#3-material-selection-the-first-decision-point\">3. L\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u: \u0110i\u1ec3m quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#4-advantages-and-limitations\">4. \u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#5-practical-points-for-crane-weld-inspection\">5. Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd khi ki\u1ec3m tra m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n c\u1ea7n c\u1ea9u<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#6-common-misunderstandings\">6. Nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#conclusion\">Ph\u1ea7n k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Ki\u1ec3m tra b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u1ea7n c\u1ea9u tr\u00ean cao, c\u1ea7n c\u1ea9u gi\u00e0n, c\u1ea7n c\u1ea9u c\u1ea7n tr\u1ee5c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u th\u00e9p kh\u00e1c. Ki\u1ec3m tra b\u1eb1ng h\u1ea1t t\u1eeb (MT) v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea9m th\u1ea5u (PT) l\u00e0 hai ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. MT d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng, trong khi PT d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng mao d\u1eabn. MT ch\u1ec9 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n \u1edf c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 t\u1eeb t\u00ednh, trong khi PT kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb t\u00ednh. Vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn sai ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1000\" height=\"666\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hndfcrane.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Magnetic-Particle-Testing-VS-Penetrant-Testing.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-16541\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"1-what-do-magnetic-particle-testing-and-penetrant-testing-detect\">1. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ki\u1ec3m tra b\u1eb1ng h\u1ea1t t\u1eeb t\u00ednh v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea9m th\u1ea5u ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng g\u00ec?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>C\u1ea3 hai ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec1u ki\u1ec3m tra c\u00e1c khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t, nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea1m vi ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><thead><tr><th>So s\u00e1nh<\/th><th>Ki\u1ec3m tra b\u1eb1ng h\u1ea1t t\u1eeb t\u00ednh (MT)<\/th><th>Ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp (PT)<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Ph\u1ea1m vi ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n<\/td><td>C\u00e1c khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u00e0 g\u1ea7n b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t<\/td><td>Ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eefng khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt g\u00e2y r\u00e1ch b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng<\/td><td>C\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb t\u00ednh, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 th\u00e9p cacbon, th\u00e9p h\u1ee3p kim th\u1ea5p v\u00e0 th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 mactenxit ho\u1eb7c ferit.<\/td><td>C\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng x\u1ed1p, bao g\u1ed3m th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9, nh\u00f4m, \u0111\u1ed3ng, g\u1ed1m s\u1ee9, nh\u1ef1a, th\u00e9p cacbon v\u00e0 th\u00e9p h\u1ee3p kim th\u1ea5p.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>L\u1ed7i b\u00ean trong<\/td><td>Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra ch\u00fang<\/td><td>Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra ch\u00fang<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>C\u00e1c khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh<\/td><td>C\u00e1c v\u1ebft n\u1ee9t tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t, v\u1ebft n\u1ee9t g\u1ea7n b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t, c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i n\u1ed1i ch\u1ed3ng l\u00ean nhau v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1ed1i.<\/td><td>C\u00e1c v\u1ebft n\u1ee9t tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t, \u0111\u1ed9 x\u1ed1p v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 thi\u1ebfu li\u00ean k\u1ebft r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>N\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, MT c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt \u1edf kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch ng\u1eafn b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 trong c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u s\u1eaft t\u1eeb. PT ch\u1ec9 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng tr\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>L\u01b0u \u00fd: \u0110\u1ed9 s\u00e2u ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n g\u1ea7n b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a MT th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng 1\u20132 mm d\u01b0\u1edbi b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t. \u0110\u1ed9 s\u00e2u th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u1eeb h\u00f3a v\u00e0 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t n\u00e0o tr\u00ean to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c. Quy tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ec3m tra \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh. C\u00e1c khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt s\u00e2u h\u01a1n n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m tra b\u1eb1ng UT ho\u1eb7c RT.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"2-principles-magnetic-flux-leakage-vs-capillary-action\">2. Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd: S\u1ef1 r\u00f2 r\u1ec9 t\u1eeb th\u00f4ng so v\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng mao d\u1eabn<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"mt-magnetic-flux-leakage-attracts-particles\">Ki\u1ec3m tra b\u1eb1ng h\u1ea1t t\u1eeb t\u00ednh: S\u1ef1 r\u00f2 r\u1ec9 t\u1eeb th\u00f4ng h\u00fat c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Khi m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u s\u1eaft t\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb h\u00f3a, t\u1eeb th\u00f4ng s\u1ebd truy\u1ec1n qua n\u00f3 theo m\u1ed9t h\u01b0\u1edbng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh. N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 v\u1ebft n\u1ee9t, l\u1ed7 r\u1ed7ng ho\u1eb7c khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt kh\u00e1c \u1edf b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ho\u1eb7c g\u1ea7n b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t, t\u1eeb th\u00f4ng s\u1ebd b\u1ecb b\u1ebb cong v\u00e0 tho\u00e1t ra kh\u1ecfi v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, t\u1ea1o ra tr\u01b0\u1eddng r\u00f2 r\u1ec9. C\u00e1c h\u1ea1t t\u1eeb t\u00ednh s\u1ebd t\u1eadp trung t\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1eddng r\u00f2 r\u1ec9 v\u00e0 ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>N\u1ebfu khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt song song v\u1edbi t\u1eeb th\u00f4ng, t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng r\u00f2 r\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 qu\u00e1 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. Do \u0111\u00f3, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p MT th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng hai h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1eeb h\u00f3a vu\u00f4ng g\u00f3c v\u1edbi nhau. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n c\u1ea7n c\u1ea9u, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p g\u00f4ng t\u1eeb th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n d\u1ecdc theo m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n vu\u00f4ng g\u00f3c v\u1edbi n\u00f3. G\u00f4ng t\u1eeb ch\u00e9o c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap bao ph\u1ee7 c\u00e1c khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt \u1edf c\u00e1c h\u01b0\u1edbng kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1200\" height=\"800\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hndfcrane.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Magnetic-Particle-Inspection-for-Crane-Wheel.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-16534\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"pt-penetrant-enters-the-defect-and-developer-draws-it-out\">Ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp: Ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp \u0111i v\u00e0o l\u1ed7 h\u1ed5ng v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n s\u1ebd t\u00ecm ra n\u00f3.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Trong ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ki\u1ec3m tra b\u1eb1ng tia c\u1ef1c t\u00edm (PT), ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea9m th\u1ea5u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00f4i l\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ph\u00f4i v\u00e0 \u0111i v\u00e0o c\u00e1c khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t nh\u1edd hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng mao d\u1eabn. L\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea9m th\u1ea5u d\u01b0 th\u1eeba sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf, v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n h\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00f4i l\u00ean. Ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea9m th\u1ea5u b\u00ean trong khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00fat tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t, t\u1ea1o ra d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u1ebft n\u1ee9t ph\u1ea3i h\u1edf ra b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t. N\u1ebfu v\u1ebft n\u1ee9t b\u1ecb t\u1eafc ngh\u1ebdn b\u1edfi l\u1edbp oxit, x\u1ec9 h\u00e0n, s\u01a1n ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t g\u00e2y \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m kh\u00e1c, ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea9m th\u1ea5u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111i v\u00e0o v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ki\u1ec3m tra b\u1eb1ng \u00e1p su\u1ea5t th\u1ea9m th\u1ea5u (PT) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra n\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"3-material-selection-the-first-decision-point\">3. L\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u: \u0110i\u1ec3m quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"mt-is-limited-to-ferromagnetic-materials\">Ki\u1ec3m tra b\u1eb1ng h\u1ea1t t\u1eeb ch\u1ec9 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n \u1edf c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u s\u1eaft t\u1eeb.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Th\u00e9p cacbon v\u00e0 th\u00e9p h\u1ee3p kim th\u1ea5p, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 Q235, Q355 v\u00e0 Q390, l\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb t\u00ednh v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m tra b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p MT. Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 Austenit, bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i 304 v\u00e0 316, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 nh\u00f4m, \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 titan, l\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng t\u1eeb t\u00ednh v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m tra b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p MT.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"pt-is-suitable-for-non-porous-materials\">Ki\u1ec3m tra b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea9m th\u1ea5u th\u00edch h\u1ee3p cho c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng x\u1ed1p.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ki\u1ec3m tra b\u1eb1ng th\u1ea9m th\u1ea5u (PT) kh\u00f4ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb t\u00ednh, nh\u01b0ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng x\u1ed1p. Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9, nh\u00f4m, \u0111\u1ed3ng, g\u1ed1m s\u1ee9, nh\u1ef1a, th\u00e9p carbon v\u00e0 th\u00e9p h\u1ee3p kim th\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m tra b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p PT. C\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u x\u1ed1p nh\u01b0 gang v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn luy\u1ec7n kim b\u1ed9t th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u00ec ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea9m th\u1ea5u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o c\u00e1c l\u1ed7 x\u1ed1p v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 sai l\u1ec7ch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"selection-principle-for-structural-welds\">Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Theo \u0110i\u1ec1u 8.2.6 c\u1ee7a ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n GB 50661-2011, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u s\u1eaft t\u1eeb c\u1ea7n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ki\u1ec3m tra b\u1eb1ng h\u1ea1t t\u1eeb (MT) \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t. Khi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng MT, c\u1ea7n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ki\u1ec3m tra b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea9m th\u1ea5u (PT). \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u c\u1ea7n c\u1ea9u tr\u00ean cao v\u00e0 c\u1ea7n c\u1ea9u luy\u1ec7n kim th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, MT th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean cho c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n th\u00e9p cacbon v\u00e0 th\u00e9p h\u1ee3p kim th\u1ea5p, trong khi PT \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 austenit v\u00e0 k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u nh\u00f4m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"4-advantages-and-limitations\">4. \u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><thead><tr><th>So s\u00e1nh<\/th><th>Ki\u1ec3m tra b\u1eb1ng h\u1ea1t t\u1eeb t\u00ednh (MT)<\/th><th>Ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp (PT)<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>T\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 ki\u1ec3m tra<\/td><td>Nhanh ch\u00f3ng v\u00e0 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cho vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m tra h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t.<\/td><td>Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y ch\u1eadm h\u01a1n v\u00ec c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea9m th\u1ea5u, l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd \u1ea3nh c\u1ea7n th\u1eddi gian.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0110\u1ed9 nh\u1ea1y<\/td><td>\u0110\u1ed9 nh\u1ea1y cao v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u1ebft n\u1ee9t tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u00e0 g\u1ea7n b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t.<\/td><td>\u0110\u1ed9 nh\u1ea1y cao \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Tr\u1ecb gi\u00e1<\/td><td>Th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n<\/td><td>Chi ph\u00ed v\u1eadt t\u01b0 ti\u00eau hao cho ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea9m th\u1ea5u v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n h\u00ecnh<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t<\/td><td>C\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf d\u1ea7u, r\u1ec9 s\u00e9t v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1ea3nh v\u1ee5n h\u00e0n.<\/td><td>B\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ph\u1ea3i s\u1ea1ch, kh\u00f4 v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>X\u1eed l\u00fd sau ki\u1ec3m tra<\/td><td>C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7n kh\u1eed t\u1eeb v\u00e0 l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch.<\/td><td>C\u1ea7n lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea9m th\u1ea5u v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n h\u00ecnh c\u00f2n s\u00f3t l\u1ea1i.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>H\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf<\/td><td>Ch\u1ec9 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb t\u00ednh; c\u00e1c khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng kh\u00f4ng thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb b\u1ecf s\u00f3t.<\/td><td>Ch\u1ec9 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho c\u00e1c khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t; kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u x\u1ed1p.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"5-practical-points-for-crane-weld-inspection\">5. Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd khi ki\u1ec3m tra m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n c\u1ea7n c\u1ea9u<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"mt\">Ki\u1ec3m tra h\u1ea1t t\u1eeb t\u00ednh<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u00edt nh\u1ea5t hai h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1eeb h\u00f3a vu\u00f4ng g\u00f3c v\u1edbi nhau \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m nguy c\u01a1 b\u1ecf s\u00f3t c\u00e1c v\u1ebft n\u1ee9t ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o h\u01b0\u1edbng.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf d\u1ea7u m\u1ee1, r\u1ec9 s\u00e9t v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t b\u1eafn t\u00f3e do h\u00e0n. Ch\u1ecdn ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch li\u00ean t\u1ee5c ho\u1eb7c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch d\u01b0 th\u1eeba t\u00f9y theo quy tr\u00ecnh.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Kh\u1eed t\u1eeb sau khi th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m n\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng c\u1ef1c t\u00edm \u0111\u1ec3 quan s\u00e1t c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t ph\u00e1t quang v\u00e0 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng tr\u1eafng th\u00edch h\u1ee3p cho c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t quang.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1706\" height=\"1136\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hndfcrane.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Magnetic-Particle-Testing-for-Jib-Crane.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-16537\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hndfcrane.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Magnetic-Particle-Testing-for-Jib-Crane.jpg 1706w, https:\/\/www.hndfcrane.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Magnetic-Particle-Testing-for-Jib-Crane-1536x1023.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1706px) 100vw, 1706px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"pt\">Ki\u1ec3m tra ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea9m th\u1ea5u<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf d\u1ea7u m\u1ee1, r\u1ec9 s\u00e9t, l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 v\u00e0 x\u1ec9 h\u00e0n \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c khe h\u1edf kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb t\u1eafc ngh\u1ebdn.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>C\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t th\u1eddi gian gi\u1eef nhi\u1ec7t theo h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 quy tr\u00ecnh b\u1eb1ng v\u0103n b\u1ea3n. Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 5\u201360 ph\u00fat, ri\u00eang \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ki\u1ec3m tra m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00f2ng th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 10\u201330 ph\u00fat, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u1eafn h\u01a1n th\u1eddi gian khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a ph\u00f4i, b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng xung quanh, ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea5y kh\u00f4, n\u00f3i chung n\u00ean n\u1eb1m trong kho\u1ea3ng 10\u201350 \u00b0C. N\u1ebfu \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n n\u1eb1m ngo\u00e0i ph\u1ea1m vi n\u00e0y, h\u00e3y \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh li\u00ean quan c\u1ee7a GB\/T 18851.5 v\u00e0 GB\/T 18851.6.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Tr\u00e1nh l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c ho\u1eb7c ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ee7 s\u1ea1ch. Thoa dung d\u1ecbch tr\u00e1ng phim th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp m\u1ecfng, \u0111\u1ec1u, v\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf ph\u1ea7n dung d\u1ecbch th\u1ea9m th\u1ea5u v\u00e0 dung d\u1ecbch tr\u00e1ng phim c\u00f2n s\u00f3t l\u1ea1i sau khi ki\u1ec3m tra.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"6-common-misunderstandings\">6. Nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"mt-and-pt-are-interchangeable\">Ki\u1ec3m tra b\u1eb1ng h\u1ea1t t\u1eeb v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea9m th\u1ea5u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf cho nhau.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nhau. MT ch\u1ec9 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n \u1edf c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u s\u1eaft t\u1eeb, trong khi PT ch\u1ec9 nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m v\u1edbi c\u00e1c khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"pt-can-detect-near-surface-defects\">Ki\u1ec3m tra b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea9m th\u1ea5u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt g\u1ea7n b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3. C\u00e1c khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt g\u1ea7n b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m tra b\u1eb1ng MT, trong khi c\u00e1c khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt s\u00e2u b\u00ean trong n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m tra b\u1eb1ng UT ho\u1eb7c RT.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"mt-is-always-more-sensitive-than-pt\">Ki\u1ec3m tra b\u1eb1ng h\u1ea1t t\u1eeb t\u00ednh lu\u00f4n nh\u1ea1y h\u01a1n ki\u1ec3m tra b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea9m th\u1ea5u.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ki\u1ec3m tra b\u1eb1ng xung (PT) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 r\u1ea5t nh\u1ea1y v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u1ebft n\u1ee9t tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t, trong khi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ki\u1ec3m tra b\u1eb1ng vi m\u00f4 (MT) c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt g\u1ea7n b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o quy tr\u00ecnh, \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"mt-or-pt-eliminates-the-need-for-internal-inspection\">Ki\u1ec3m tra b\u1eb1ng h\u1ea1t t\u1eeb t\u00ednh ho\u1eb7c ki\u1ec3m tra b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea9m th\u1ea5u gi\u00fap lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf nhu c\u1ea7u ki\u1ec3m tra b\u00ean trong.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang. MT v\u00e0 PT kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m tra b\u00ean trong. \u0110\u1ed9 r\u1ed7ng b\u00ean trong, t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t x\u1ec9, thi\u1ebfu li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ebft n\u1ee9t b\u00ean trong c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m tra b\u1eb1ng UT ho\u1eb7c RT.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"every-stainless-steel-weld-must-use-pt\">M\u1ecdi m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m tra b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1ea9m th\u1ea5u.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>M\u00e1c th\u00e9p r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng. Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 austenit \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0438 304 v\u00e0 316 th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1eeb t\u00ednh v\u00e0 n\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ki\u1ec3m tra t\u1eeb t\u00ednh (PT). Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 mactenit \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0438 410 v\u00e0 420 v\u00e0 th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 ferrit \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0438 430 c\u00f3 t\u1eeb t\u00ednh v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ki\u1ec3m tra t\u1eeb t\u00ednh (MT). Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 song pha 2205 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng t\u1eeb t\u00ednh, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi th\u00e9p cacbon. Kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh ki\u1ec3m tra t\u1eeb t\u00ednh cho th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ki\u1ec3m tra m\u00e1c th\u00e9p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"conclusion\">Ph\u1ea7n k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa MT v\u00e0 PT c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f3m t\u1eaft trong ba \u0111i\u1ec3m:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Ph\u1ea1m vi ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n: MT ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u00e0 g\u1ea7n b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t, trong khi PT ch\u1ec9 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt xuy\u00ean th\u1ee7ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng: Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p MT ch\u1ec9 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n \u1edf c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb t\u00ednh, trong khi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p PT ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng x\u1ed1p.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn: \u01afu ti\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng MT cho v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb t\u00ednh; s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng PT khi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng MT.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n th\u00e9p th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng trong <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hndfcrane.com\/vi\/overhead-cranes\/\">C\u1ea7u tr\u1ee5c<\/a>\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u1ea7n c\u1ea9u gi\u00e0n v\u00e0 c\u1ea7n c\u1ea9u c\u1ea7n tr\u1ee5c, n\u00ean \u01b0u ti\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng MT cho th\u00e9p carbon v\u00e0 th\u00e9p h\u1ee3p kim th\u1ea5p, v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng PT cho th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 austenit v\u00e0 k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u nh\u00f4m. C\u1ea3 hai ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng thay th\u1ebf UT ho\u1eb7c RT \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n b\u00ean trong.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Weld surface inspection is essential for overhead cranes, gantry cranes, jib cranes, and other steel structures. Magnetic particle testing (MT) and penetrant testing (PT) are two commonly used methods. MT relies on a magnetic field, while PT relies on capillary action. MT is limited to ferromagnetic materials, whereas PT has no magnetic-material requirement. Choosing the [&hellip;]","protected":false},"featured_media":16541,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"template":"single-SEO-Table.php","posts_category":[197],"posts_tag":[807],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hndfcrane.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/xmxposts\/16528"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hndfcrane.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/xmxposts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hndfcrane.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/posts"}],"version-history":[{"count":11,"href":"https:\/\/www.hndfcrane.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/xmxposts\/16528\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":16542,"href":"https:\/\/www.hndfcrane.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/xmxposts\/16528\/revisions\/16542"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hndfcrane.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/16541"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hndfcrane.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=16528"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"posts_category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hndfcrane.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts_category?post=16528"},{"taxonomy":"posts_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hndfcrane.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts_tag?post=16528"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}