{"id":7237,"date":"2023-04-12T01:36:31","date_gmt":"2023-04-12T01:36:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hndfcrane.com\/?post_type=posts&p=7237"},"modified":"2024-09-09T06:49:48","modified_gmt":"2024-09-09T06:49:48","slug":"how-to-calculate-deflection-of-overhead-crane","status":"publish","type":"posts","link":"https:\/\/www.hndfcrane.com\/vi\/posts\/how-to-calculate-deflection-of-overhead-crane\/","title":{"rendered":"C\u00e1ch t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00f5ng c\u1ee7a c\u1ea7u tr\u1ee5c"},"content":{"rendered":"

C\u1ea7u tr\u1ee5c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00e2ng v\u00e0 v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n c\u00e1c v\u1eadt n\u1eb7ng trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a c\u1ea7n tr\u1ee5c, \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1ec7ch c\u1ee7a c\u1ea7n tr\u1ee5c. Trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00f5ng l\u00e0 g\u00ec, t\u1ea1i sao n\u00f3 l\u1ea1i quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00f5ng c\u1ee7a c\u1ea7n tr\u1ee5c.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u0110\u1ed9 l\u1ec7ch l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/span><\/h2>\r\n

\u0110\u1ed9 v\u00f5ng l\u00e0 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00e0 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a c\u1ea7n c\u1ea9u b\u1ecb u\u1ed1n cong ho\u1eb7c bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n xem x\u00e9t khi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec c\u1ea7n c\u1ea9u tr\u00ean cao. \u0110\u1ed9 v\u00f5ng c\u1ee7a c\u1ea7n c\u1ea9u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 do nhi\u1ec1u y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 g\u00e2y ra, bao g\u1ed3m ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, gia t\u1ed1c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 rung.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\"C\u1ea7n<\/p>\r\n

T\u1ea1i sao \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1ec7ch l\u1ea1i quan tr\u1ecdng?<\/span><\/h2>\r\n

\u0110\u1ed9 v\u00f5ng c\u1ee7a c\u1ea7n tr\u1ee5c tr\u00ean cao c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ednh an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. N\u1ebfu k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a c\u1ea7n tr\u1ee5c b\u1ecb v\u00f5ng qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn c\u1ea7n tr\u1ee5c b\u1ecb l\u1eadt, g\u00e2y nguy hi\u1ec3m cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ai \u1edf g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00f5ng qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ecfi c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a c\u1ea7n tr\u1ee5c, l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd c\u1ee7a c\u1ea7n tr\u1ee5c v\u00e0 t\u0103ng chi ph\u00ed b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Ti\u00eau ch\u00ed \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00f5ng d\u1ecdc<\/span><\/h2>\r\n

Ti\u00eau ch\u00ed v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00f5ng d\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1ec7ch (d\u1ecdc) t\u1ed1i \u0111a cho ph\u00e9p \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb n\u00e2ng. \u0110\u1ed9 l\u1ec7ch d\u1ecdc kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1ec7ch ngang, nh\u01b0ng c\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u1ea7n tr\u1ee5c c\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ray k\u00edn. \u0110\u1ed9 l\u1ec7ch d\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a c\u1ea7u, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ray ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a c\u1ea7n tr\u1ee5c d\u1ecdc theo tr\u1ee5c th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ee9ng.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ea7n tr\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t theo \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00f5ng g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00fang v\u00ec nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t, \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a m\u00f3ng ho\u1eb7c s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n v\u1ec1 dung sai \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y cho \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng, \u1ed1ng, t\u1ea5m th\u00e9p v\u00e0 t\u1ea5m kim lo\u1ea1i. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u00ean ho\u1eb7c d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00f5ng do nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, khi c\u1ea7n tr\u1ee5c tr\u00ean cao \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t theo h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o d\u01b0\u1ee1ng theo h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn b\u1ea3o d\u01b0\u1ee1ng l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 y\u00ean t\u00e2m v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh an to\u00e0n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m thang m\u00e1y v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c v\u00e0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u0110o \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00f5ng cho c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n an to\u00e0n<\/span><\/h2>\r\n

Khi \u0111o \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00f5ng cho c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n an to\u00e0n, \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00f5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o \u1edf c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t 100%, thay v\u00ec c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t 125%. Theo Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ANSI (ANSI\/ASME B30.2) cho c\u00e1c Th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m V\u1eadn h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 V\u1eadn h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a C\u1ea7n c\u1ea9u di chuy\u1ec3n tr\u00ean cao, \u201c\u0110\u1ed9 v\u00f5ng ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o v\u1edbi t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng b\u1eb1ng 100% c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00f5ng cho ph\u00e9p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1edfi ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh .\u201d \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed7i lo\u1ea1i c\u1ea7n tr\u1ee5c, gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00f5ng kh\u00e1c nhau t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3, nh\u1ecbp ho\u1eb7c t\u1ea7m v\u1edbi c\u1ee7a c\u1ea7n tr\u1ee5c.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\"c\u1ea7n<\/p>\r\n

T\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00f5ng d\u1ecdc<\/span><\/h2>\r\n

\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u1ea7u tr\u1ee5c m\u00e1y tr\u1ea1m (\u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ray k\u00edn), gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00f5ng d\u1ecdc nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi c\u1ea7u tr\u1ee5c n\u1eb7ng h\u01a1n. C\u1ea7u tr\u1ee5c tr\u1ea1m l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ray k\u00edn c\u00f3 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00f5ng l\u00e0 L\/450 trong \u0111\u00f3 \u201cL\u201d l\u00e0 chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i ho\u1eb7c nh\u1ecbp c\u1ee7a c\u1ea7n tr\u1ee5c. N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00f5ng c\u1ee7a c\u1ea7u tr\u1ee5c m\u00e1y tr\u1ea1m c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n, tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft nh\u1ecbp ho\u1eb7c chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o b\u1eb1ng inch ho\u1eb7c centimet v\u00ec t\u1ed5ng \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1ec7ch ph\u1ea3i r\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf. N\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1ec7ch c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n cao h\u01a1n gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o b\u1eb1ng inch, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1eb7p s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

V\u00ed d\u1ee5, gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2y c\u1ea7u d\u00e0i 34 feet tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t c\u1ea7n tr\u1ee5c c\u1ea7u tr\u1ea1m l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c. \u0110\u1ed9 v\u00f5ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb \u0111o t\u1eeb feet sang inch. M\u1ed9t c\u00e2y c\u1ea7u d\u00e0i 34 feet d\u00e0i 408 inch (feet x 12 = inch). Chia 408 inch cho gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00f5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh cho c\u1ea7n tr\u1ee5c c\u1ea7u k\u00edn (L\/450). \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd cho b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00f5ng nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t inch (.9 inch).<\/span><\/p>\r\n

T\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00f5ng ngang<\/span><\/h2>\r\n

M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1ec7ch d\u1ecdc r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 xem x\u00e9t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u1ea7n tr\u1ee5c, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1ec7ch ngang c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ed9 an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb n\u00e2ng. \u0110\u1ed9 l\u1ec7ch ngang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a d\u1ea7m \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u0103ng c\u1ee7a c\u1ea7n tr\u1ee5c t\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00e2m khi ch\u1ecbu to\u00e0n t\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u0110\u1ed9 l\u1ec7ch ngang c\u1ee7a c\u1ea7n tr\u1ee5c th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o b\u1eb1ng m\u00e1y \u0111o \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1ec7ch ho\u1eb7c b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \u0111o laze. M\u00e1y \u0111o \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1ec7ch l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111o chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a d\u1ea7m \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u0103ng c\u1ee7a c\u1ea7n tr\u1ee5c t\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00e2m khi \u0111\u1ea7y t\u1ea3i. M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \u0111o laze s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng tia laze \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa hai \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1ec7ch.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u0110\u1ed9 v\u00f5ng ngang cho ph\u00e9p \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u1ea7u tr\u1ee5c th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1eb1ng 1\/600 nh\u1ecbp \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u1ea7u tr\u1ee5c v\u00e0 1\/400 chi\u1ec1u cao \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u1ea7n tr\u1ee5c. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c nhau t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c<\/span><\/h2>\r\n

Nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00f5ng cho ph\u00e9p \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u1ea7n tr\u1ee5c treo c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c nhau gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c c\u1ea7n tr\u1ee5c v\u00e0 t\u1eeb li\u00ean k\u1ebft n\u00e0y sang li\u00ean k\u1ebft kh\u00e1c. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i tham kh\u1ea3o c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u1ec1 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c do nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ho\u1eb7c hi\u1ec7p h\u1ed9i c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1eb7t ra khi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec c\u1ea7n tr\u1ee5c.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

V\u00ed d\u1ee5, Hi\u1ec7p h\u1ed9i c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u1ea7u tr\u1ee5c Hoa K\u1ef3 (CMAA) \u0111\u1eb7t ra c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n cho c\u1ea7n tr\u1ee5c treo \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u1edf B\u1eafc M\u1ef9. CMAA \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i c\u1ea7n tr\u1ee5c tr\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh s\u00e1u lo\u1ea1i d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. M\u1ed7i lo\u1ea1i d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt kh\u00e1c nhau v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00f5ng cho ph\u00e9p, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu t\u1ea3i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00f5ng c\u1ee7a c\u1ea7n c\u1ea9u tr\u00ean cao?<\/span><\/h2>\r\n

\u0110\u1ed9 v\u00f5ng c\u1ee7a c\u1ea7n tr\u1ee5c treo c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c nhau. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1ec7ch c\u1ee7a c\u1ea7n tr\u1ee5c:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

B\u01b0\u1edbc 1: X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh T\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng<\/span><\/h3>\r\n

\u0110\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a t\u1ea3i m\u00e0 c\u1ea7n c\u1ea9u s\u1ebd n\u00e2ng. Tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i bao g\u1ed3m tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a t\u1ea3i v\u00e0 tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb n\u00e2ng.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

B\u01b0\u1edbc 2: X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 t\u1ea3i<\/span><\/h3>\r\n

Ti\u1ebfp theo, x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1ch tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a t\u1ea3i s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 tr\u00ean to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a c\u1ea7n c\u1ea9u. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u1ee7a c\u1ea7n c\u1ea9u, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb n\u00e2ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a t\u1ea3i.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

B\u01b0\u1edbc 3: T\u00ednh \u0110\u1ed9 v\u00f5ng<\/span><\/h3>\r\n

Khi \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00f5ng c\u1ee7a c\u1ea7n tr\u1ee5c theo c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c sau:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u0110\u1ed9 v\u00f5ng = (5 x T\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng x Kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch^4) \/ (384 x M\u00f4 \u0111un \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i x M\u00f4men qu\u00e1n t\u00ednh)<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u1ede \u0111\u00e2u:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Load = tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a t\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e2ng l\u00ean<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch = kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch t\u1eeb t\u00e2m t\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111o \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00f5ng<\/span><\/p>\r\n

M\u00f4 \u0111un \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i = th\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111o \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u<\/span><\/p>\r\n

M\u00f4men qu\u00e1n t\u00ednh = th\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111o s\u1ee9c ch\u1ed1ng u\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u<\/span><\/p>\r\n

C\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00f5ng<\/span><\/h2>\r\n

M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1ec7ch c\u1ee7a c\u1ea7n tr\u1ee5c treo. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n xem x\u00e9t:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a t\u1ea3i<\/span><\/h3>\r\n

Tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00f5ng. T\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng c\u00e0ng n\u1eb7ng th\u00ec c\u1ea7n c\u1ea9u c\u00e0ng b\u1ecb l\u1ec7ch.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i t\u1ea3i<\/span><\/h3>\r\n

C\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng tr\u00ean to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a c\u1ea7n c\u1ea9u c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00f5ng. Ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn c\u1ea7n c\u1ea9u b\u1ecb v\u00f5ng nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n \u1edf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 khu v\u1ef1c so v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng khu v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u1ea7u tr\u1ee5c<\/span><\/h3>\r\n

B\u1ea3n th\u00e2n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u1ee7a c\u1ea7n c\u1ea9u c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00f5ng. C\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 nh\u01b0 chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i c\u1ea7n c\u1ea9u, lo\u1ea1i thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb n\u00e2ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a c\u1ea7n c\u1ea9u \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00f5ng c\u1ee7a c\u1ea7n c\u1ea9u khi ch\u1ecbu t\u1ea3i.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

B\u1ea3o d\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u1ea7u tr\u1ee5c<\/span><\/h3>\r\n

Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o d\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u1ea7n c\u1ea9u c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00f5ng. Theo th\u1eddi gian, s\u1ef1 hao m\u00f2n c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a c\u1ea7n c\u1ea9u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn c\u1ea7n c\u1ea9u b\u1ecb v\u00f5ng nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n khi ch\u1ecbu t\u1ea3i.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

T\u00ednh to\u00e1n \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1ec7ch c\u1ee7a c\u1ea7n tr\u1ee5c l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a c\u1ea7n tr\u1ee5c. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1ec7ch l\u00e0 g\u00ec, t\u1ea1i sao n\u00f3 quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch t\u00ednh to\u00e1n \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00f5ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh c\u1ea7n tr\u1ee5c v\u00e0 chuy\u00ean gia b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1eef cho c\u1ea7n tr\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u1edf \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n t\u1ed1i \u01b0u v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u r\u1ee7i ro tai n\u1ea1n.<\/span><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"C\u1ea7u tr\u1ee5c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00e2ng v\u00e0 v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a n\u1eb7ng trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh c\u1ea7u tr\u1ee5c an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00f5ng c\u1ee7a c\u1ea7u tr\u1ee5c l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng. Trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00f5ng l\u00e0 g\u00ec, t\u1ea1i sao n\u00f3 l\u1ea1i quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch t\u00ednh to\u00e1n \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00f5ng.","protected":false},"featured_media":1085,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"template":"","posts_category":[197],"posts_tag":[],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hndfcrane.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/xmxposts\/7237"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hndfcrane.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/xmxposts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hndfcrane.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/posts"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.hndfcrane.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/xmxposts\/7237\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7238,"href":"https:\/\/www.hndfcrane.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/xmxposts\/7237\/revisions\/7238"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hndfcrane.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1085"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hndfcrane.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7237"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"posts_category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hndfcrane.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts_category?post=7237"},{"taxonomy":"posts_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hndfcrane.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts_tag?post=7237"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}