{"id":16301,"date":"2026-10-12T07:16:52","date_gmt":"2026-10-12T07:16:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hndfcrane.com\/?post_type=posts&#038;p=16301"},"modified":"2026-10-12T07:20:45","modified_gmt":"2026-10-12T07:20:45","slug":"crane-design-terminology","status":"publish","type":"posts","link":"https:\/\/www.hndfcrane.com\/zh\/posts\/crane-design-terminology\/","title":{"rendered":"\u8d77\u91cd\u673a\u8bbe\u8ba1\u672f\u8bed\uff1a\u5165\u95e8\u57fa\u672c\u672f\u8bed\u6307\u5357"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"wp-block-rank-math-toc-block\" id=\"rank-math-toc\"><p>\u76ee\u5f55<\/p><nav><ul><li><a href=\"#key-crane-design-terminology-parameters-and-duty-classes\">\u8d77\u91cd\u673a\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5173\u952e\u672f\u8bed\uff1a\u53c2\u6570\u548c\u5de5\u4f5c\u7b49\u7ea7<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"#1-rated-lifting-capacity-gn\">1. \u989d\u5b9a\u8d77\u91cd\u80fd\u529b Gn<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#2-span-s\">2. \u8de8\u5ea6 S<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#3-gauge-k\">3. K\u578b<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#4-wheelbase-b\">4. \u8f74\u8ddd B<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#5-lifting-height-h-lowering-depth-h-and-lifting-range-d\">5. \u63d0\u5347\u9ad8\u5ea6 H\u3001\u4e0b\u964d\u6df1\u5ea6 h \u548c\u63d0\u5347\u8303\u56f4 D<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#6-mechanism-operating-speeds\">6. \u673a\u6784\u8fd0\u884c\u901f\u5ea6<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#7-wheel-load\">7. \u8f66\u8f6e\u8f7d\u8377<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#8-duty-class\">8. \u804c\u52a1\u7b49\u7ea7<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><a href=\"#common-terms-for-crane-metal-structures-and-components\">\u8d77\u91cd\u673a\u91d1\u5c5e\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u90e8\u4ef6\u7684\u5e38\u7528\u672f\u8bed<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"#1-crane-metal-structure\">1. \u8d77\u91cd\u673a\u91d1\u5c5e\u7ed3\u6784<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#2-typical-metal-structure-types\">2. \u5178\u578b\u91d1\u5c5e\u7ed3\u6784\u7c7b\u578b<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#3-common-structural-and-component-terms\">3. \u5e38\u7528\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u7ec4\u4ef6\u672f\u8bed<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><a href=\"#load-and-force-terms\">\u8f7d\u8377\u548c\u529b\u9879<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"#1-regular-loads\">1. \u5e38\u89c4\u8d1f\u8f7d<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#2-accidental-loads\">2.\u610f\u5916\u8f7d\u8377<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#3-special-loads\">3. \u7279\u6b8a\u8d27\u7269<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><a href=\"#performance-indicator-terms\">\u7ee9\u6548\u6307\u6807\u6761\u6b3e<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#summary\">\u6982\u62ec<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8d77\u91cd\u673a\u8bbe\u8ba1\u672f\u8bed\u662f\u9605\u8bfb\u5de5\u7a0b\u56fe\u7eb8\u3001\u8fdb\u884c\u8bbe\u8ba1\u8ba1\u7b97\u548c\u6280\u672f\u65b9\u6848\u6c9f\u901a\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u672c\u6307\u5357\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u6db5\u76d6\u8d77\u91cd\u673a\u53c2\u6570\u3001\u5de5\u4f5c\u7b49\u7ea7\u3001\u91d1\u5c5e\u7ed3\u6784\u3001\u8f7d\u8377\u548c\u6027\u80fd\u6307\u6807\u7684\u5e38\u7528\u672f\u8bed\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1000\" height=\"667\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hndfcrane.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Crane-Design-Terminology-featured-image.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-16332\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"key-crane-design-terminology-parameters-and-duty-classes\">\u8d77\u91cd\u673a\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5173\u952e\u672f\u8bed\uff1a\u53c2\u6570\u548c\u5de5\u4f5c\u7b49\u7ea7<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8d77\u91cd\u673a\u68b0\u53c2\u6570\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u8d77\u91cd\u673a\u68b0\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u6027\u80fd\uff0c\u5e76\u4e3a\u8bbe\u8ba1\u548c\u8bbe\u5907\u9009\u578b\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4f9d\u636e\u3002\u8d77\u91cd\u673a\u7684\u4f5c\u4e1a\u7b49\u7ea7\u8003\u8651\u4e86\u8d77\u91cd\u80fd\u529b\u548c\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u5229\u7528\u7387\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5de5\u4f5c\u5faa\u73af\u6b21\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"1-rated-lifting-capacity-gn\">1. \u989d\u5b9a\u8d77\u91cd\u80fd\u529b Gn<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u989d\u5b9a\u8d77\u91cd\u80fd\u529b\u662f\u6307\u8d77\u91cd\u673a\u80fd\u591f\u540a\u8d77\u7684\u8d1f\u8f7d\u6216\u7269\u6599\u7684\u603b\u91cd\u91cf\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u53ef\u62c6\u5378\u7684\u8d77\u91cd\u9644\u4ef6\uff08\u4e0d\u5305\u62ec\u96c6\u88c5\u7bb1\u540a\u5177\uff09\u6216\u914d\u4ef6\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u6293\u6597\u3001\u7535\u78c1\u8d77\u5347\u88c5\u7f6e\u548c\u8d77\u91cd\u6881\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u53ef\u53d8\u534a\u5f84\u8d77\u91cd\u673a\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5854\u5f0f\u8d77\u91cd\u673a\u3001\u6c7d\u8f66\u8d77\u91cd\u673a\u548c\u95e8\u5f0f\u8d77\u91cd\u673a\uff0c\u989d\u5b9a\u8d77\u91cd\u80fd\u529b\u4f1a\u968f\u5de5\u4f5c\u534a\u5f84\u800c\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u6807\u79f0\u989d\u5b9a\u8d77\u91cd\u80fd\u529b\u662f\u6307\u5728\u6700\u5c0f\u534a\u5f84\u4e0b\uff0c\u5b89\u5168\u5de5\u4f5c\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u5141\u8bb8\u7684\u6700\u5927\u989d\u5b9a\u8d77\u91cd\u80fd\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u65e5\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528\u4e2d\uff0c\u201c\u8d77\u91cd\u80fd\u529b\u201d\u901a\u5e38\u6307\u7684\u662f\u989d\u5b9a\u8d77\u91cd\u80fd\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e3a\u652f\u6301\u6279\u91cf\u751f\u4ea7\u548c\u6807\u51c6\u5316\uff0c\u5236\u5b9a\u4e86\u989d\u5b9a\u8d77\u91cd\u80fd\u529b\u7cfb\u5217\u6807\u51c6\uff08\u88681-1\uff09\u3002\u8be5\u6807\u51c6\u4f9d\u636eGB783-87\u5236\u5b9a\uff0c\u5355\u4f4d\u4e3a\u5428\uff08t\uff09\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u65b0\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u8d77\u91cd\u673a\u68b0\uff0c\u8d77\u91cd\u673a\u548c\u8f85\u52a9\u63d0\u5347\u673a\u6784\u7684\u989d\u5b9a\u8d77\u91cd\u80fd\u529b\u5e94\u7b26\u5408\u8be5\u7cfb\u5217\u6807\u51c6\u503c\u3002\u5177\u6709\u7279\u6b8a\u6027\u80fd\u7684\u8bbe\u5907\u4e5f\u5e94\u7b26\u5408\u8be5\u7cfb\u5217\u6807\u51c6\u503c\uff0c\u6216\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u63a5\u8fd1\u8be5\u6807\u51c6\u503c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hndfcrane.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/table-1-1-rated-lifting-capacity-series-1.png\" alt=\"\u56fe 1. \u8d77\u91cd\u673a\u68b0\u6700\u5927\u989d\u5b9a\u8d77\u91cd\u80fd\u529b\u7cfb\u5217\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u6765\u6e90\uff1a\u8868 1-1\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hndfcrane.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/table-1-2-standard-crane-span.png\" alt=\"\u56fe 2. \u8d77\u91cd\u673a\u68b0\u6700\u5927\u989d\u5b9a\u8d77\u91cd\u80fd\u529b\u7cfb\u5217\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u6765\u6e90\uff1a\u8868 1-1\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"2-span-s\">2. \u8de8\u5ea6 S<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6865\u5f0f\u8d77\u91cd\u673a\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u8de8\u5ea6\u662f\u6307\u8d77\u91cd\u673a\u6865\u67b6\u8fd0\u884c\u8f68\u9053\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7ebf\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6c34\u5e73\u8ddd\u79bb\u3002\u5b83\u901a\u5e38\u7528 S \u8868\u793a\uff08\u5c3d\u7ba1\u8fc7\u53bb\u4e5f\u5e38\u7528 L\uff09\uff0c\u5355\u4f4d\u4e3a\u7c73 (m)\u3002\u7535\u52a8\u6865\u5f0f\u8d77\u91cd\u673a\u7684\u8de8\u5ea6\u6709\u56fd\u5bb6\u6807\u51c6\u7cfb\u5217\uff08\u89c1\u8868 1-2\uff09\u3002\u56fe 1-1 \u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u8d77\u91cd\u673a\u7684\u8de8\u5ea6\u3002\u6865\u5f0f\u8d77\u91cd\u673a\u7684\u8de8\u5ea6\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u5efa\u7b51\u7269\u7684\u8de8\u5ea6 Sc\uff1b\u5728\u8de8\u5ea6\u7cfb\u5217\u4e2d\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u4ee5 3 \u7c73\u4e3a\u589e\u91cf\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hndfcrane.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/figure-1-1-crane-span.png\" alt=\"\u56fe 3. \u8d77\u91cd\u673a\u8de8\u5ea6\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u56fe 1-1 \u5305\u62ec (a) \u8d77\u91cd\u673a\u8de8\u5ea6\u548c (b) \u5e26\u6709\u4e24\u6761\u8f68\u9053\u7684\u8d77\u91cd\u673a\u7684\u8de8\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"3-gauge-k\">3. K\u578b<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8f68\u8ddd\uff0c\u4e5f\u79f0\u8f6e\u8ddd\uff0c\u5b9a\u4e49\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7535\u8f66\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u7535\u8f66\u8f68\u9053\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7ebf\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8ddd\u79bb\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u60ac\u81c2\u5f0f\u8d77\u91cd\u673a\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u8f68\u9053\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7ebf\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8ddd\u79bb\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u8d70\u8f6e\u8f6e\u7f18\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7ebf\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8ddd\u79bb\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"4-wheelbase-b\">4. \u8f74\u8ddd B<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8f74\u8ddd\uff0c\u4e5f\u79f0\u8f6e\u8ddd\uff0c\u662f\u6307\u8d77\u91cd\u673a\u6216\u53f0\u8f66\u6cbf\u7eb5\u5411\u884c\u9a76\u65b9\u5411\u652f\u6491\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7ebf\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8ddd\u79bb\u3002\u8f74\u8ddd B \u7684\u6d4b\u91cf\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u652f\u6491\u8f6e\u7684\u5e03\u7f6e\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hndfcrane.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/figure-1-2-wheelbase.png\" alt=\"\u56fe 4. \u8f74\u8ddd\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"5-lifting-height-h-lowering-depth-h-and-lifting-range-d\">5. \u63d0\u5347\u9ad8\u5ea6 H\u3001\u4e0b\u964d\u6df1\u5ea6 h \u548c\u63d0\u5347\u8303\u56f4 D<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8be5\u6570\u636e\u6e90\u5229\u7528\u8d77\u91cd\u9644\u4ef6\u7684\u6700\u9ad8\u548c\u6700\u4f4e\u5de5\u4f5c\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u5782\u76f4\u8ddd\u79bb\uff0c\u5e76\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><code>D = H + h<\/code><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5f53\u6ca1\u6709\u4e0b\u964d\u6df1\u5ea6\u65f6\uff0c\u63d0\u5347\u8303\u56f4 D \u7b49\u4e8e\u63d0\u5347\u9ad8\u5ea6 H\u3002\u63d0\u5347\u9ad8\u5ea6\u548c\u4e0b\u964d\u6df1\u5ea6\u5747\u4ee5\u540a\u94a9\u7897\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4e3a\u53c2\u8003\u70b9\u8fdb\u884c\u6d4b\u91cf\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5176\u4ed6\u8d77\u91cd\u9644\u4ef6\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u6293\u6597\uff0c\u5219\u4ee5\u95ed\u5408\u4f4d\u7f6e\u7684\u6700\u4f4e\u70b9\u4e3a\u53c2\u8003\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hndfcrane.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/lifting-height-and-lowering-depth.png\" alt=\"\u56fe 5. \u63d0\u5347\u9ad8\u5ea6\u548c\u4e0b\u964d\u6df1\u5ea6\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"6-mechanism-operating-speeds\">6. \u673a\u6784\u8fd0\u884c\u901f\u5ea6<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8d77\u91cd\u673a\u673a\u6784\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u901f\u5ea6\u56e0\u8d77\u91cd\u673a\u673a\u6784\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u800c\u6709\u6240\u5dee\u5f02\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u5347\u964d\u901f\u5ea6 Vn\uff1a<\/strong> \u989d\u5b9a\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5728\u7a33\u5b9a\u8fd0\u884c\u72b6\u6001\u4e0b\u7684\u5782\u76f4\u4f4d\u79fb\u901f\u5ea6\uff0c\u4ee5\u7c73\/\u5206\u949f\u4e3a\u5355\u4f4d\u6d4b\u91cf\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u8d77\u91cd\u673a\u6216\u6865\u6881\u884c\u9a76\u901f\u5ea6 VR&#39;\uff1a<\/strong> \u8d77\u91cd\u673a\u5728\u6c34\u5e73\u9762\u6216\u8f68\u9053\u4e0a\u7a33\u5b9a\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\uff0c\u627f\u8f7d\u5176\u989d\u5b9a\u8f7d\u8377\u7684\u884c\u8fdb\u901f\u5ea6\uff0c\u4ee5\u7c73\/\u5206\u949f\u4e3a\u5355\u4f4d\u6d4b\u91cf\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u5c0f\u8f66\u884c\u9a76\u901f\u5ea6 Vt&#39;\uff1a<\/strong> \u5c0f\u8f66\u8f7d\u7740\u989d\u5b9a\u8f7d\u8377\u6cbf\u6c34\u5e73\u8f68\u9053\u5728\u7a33\u5b9a\u8fd0\u884c\u72b6\u6001\u4e0b\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\uff0c\u4ee5\u7c73\/\u5206\u949f\u4e3a\u5355\u4f4d\u6d4b\u91cf\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hndfcrane.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/table-1-3-typical-crane-operating-speeds.png\" alt=\"\u56fe 6. \u4e0e\u673a\u6784\u8fd0\u884c\u901f\u5ea6\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u6e90\u56fe\u8868\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"7-wheel-load\">7. \u8f66\u8f6e\u8f7d\u8377<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8f6e\u8f7d\u662f\u6307\u5f53\u5c0f\u8f66\u5904\u4e8e\u6781\u9650\u4f4d\u7f6e\u65f6\uff0c\u6865\u6881\u81ea\u91cd\u3001\u5c0f\u8f66\u81ea\u91cd\u548c\u989d\u5b9a\u8d77\u91cd\u80fd\u529b\u5171\u540c\u4f5c\u7528\u4e8e\u8d77\u91cd\u673a\u8f66\u8f6e\u4e0a\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5782\u76f4\u538b\u529b\u3002\u5b83\u662f\u884c\u8d70\u673a\u6784\u548c\u8f68\u9053\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u4f9d\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"8-duty-class\">8. \u804c\u52a1\u7b49\u7ea7<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8d77\u91cd\u673a\u7684\u4f5c\u4e1a\u7b49\u7ea7\u6839\u636e\u5229\u7528\u7387\uff08\u5373\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5bff\u547d\u5185\u7684\u603b\u5de5\u4f5c\u5faa\u73af\u6b21\u6570\uff09\u548c\u8d1f\u8f7d\u72b6\u6001\u8fdb\u884c\u5212\u5206\u3002\u5b83\u8868\u660e\u4e86\u8d77\u91cd\u673a\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u5f3a\u5ea6\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5176\u5728\u4e00\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u7684\u7e41\u5fd9\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4ee5\u53ca\u6ee1\u8f7d\u4f5c\u4e1a\u7684\u9891\u7387\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8be5\u8d44\u6599\u5c06\u8d77\u91cd\u673a\u7684\u4f5c\u4e1a\u7b49\u7ea7\u5206\u4e3a A1 \u81f3 A8 \u7ea7\u3002\u5927\u81f4\u5bf9\u5e94\u5173\u7cfb\u4e3a\uff1aA1 \u81f3 A4 \u4e3a\u8f7b\u578b\u8d77\u91cd\u673a\uff0cA5 \u81f3 A6 \u4e3a\u4e2d\u578b\u8d77\u91cd\u673a\uff0cA7 \u4e3a\u91cd\u578b\u8d77\u91cd\u673a\uff0cA8 \u4e3a\u8d85\u91cd\u578b\u8d77\u91cd\u673a\u3002\u8d44\u6599\u8868 1-4 \u5217\u51fa\u4e86\u8d77\u91cd\u673a\u4f5c\u4e1a\u7b49\u7ea7\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hndfcrane.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/table-1-4-typical-crane-working-classifications.png\" alt=\"\u56fe 7. \u8d77\u91cd\u673a\u4f5c\u4e1a\u7b49\u7ea7\u793a\u4f8b\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u6765\u6e90\uff1a\u8868 1-4\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"common-terms-for-crane-metal-structures-and-components\">\u8d77\u91cd\u673a\u91d1\u5c5e\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u90e8\u4ef6\u7684\u5e38\u7528\u672f\u8bed<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"1-crane-metal-structure\">1. \u8d77\u91cd\u673a\u91d1\u5c5e\u7ed3\u6784<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8d77\u91cd\u673a\u91d1\u5c5e\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u4e5f\u79f0\u8d77\u91cd\u673a\u94a2\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u80fd\u591f\u627f\u8f7d\u8d77\u91cd\u673a\u5404\u79cd\u8f7d\u8377\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u5b83\u7531\u94a2\u677f\u548c\u91d1\u5c5e\u6750\u6599\u5236\u6210\u7684\u578b\u6750\u7ec4\u6210\uff0c\u5e76\u91c7\u7528\u710a\u63a5\u3001\u94c6\u63a5\u3001\u87ba\u6813\u8fde\u63a5\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u8fde\u63a5\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u6309\u7167\u9884\u5b9a\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u5e03\u7f6e\u8fdb\u884c\u7ec4\u88c5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8d77\u91cd\u673a\u91d1\u5c5e\u7ed3\u6784\u7531\u627f\u91cd\u6784\u4ef6\u3001\u975e\u627f\u91cd\u6784\u4ef6\u548c\u8fde\u63a5\u4ef6\u7ec4\u6210\u3002\u4e3b\u6881\u3001\u7aef\u6881\u548c\u652f\u817f\u662f\u627f\u91cd\u6784\u4ef6\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u8fdb\u884c\u5f3a\u5ea6\u3001\u521a\u5ea6\u548c\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u8ba1\u7b97\u3002\u8d70\u9053\u3001\u680f\u6746\u548c\u68af\u5b50\u662f\u975e\u627f\u91cd\u6784\u4ef6\uff1b\u8d44\u6599\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u8fdb\u884c\u5f3a\u5ea6\u3001\u521a\u5ea6\u548c\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u8ba1\u7b97\uff0c\u4f46\u5e94\u8003\u8651\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u3001\u6613\u7528\u6027\u548c\u4eba\u4f53\u5de5\u7a0b\u5b66\u3002\u8fde\u63a5\u4e3b\u8981\u91c7\u7528\u710a\u63a5\u548c\u87ba\u6813\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u94c6\u63a5\u73b0\u5728\u5f88\u5c11\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"2-typical-metal-structure-types\">2. \u5178\u578b\u91d1\u5c5e\u7ed3\u6784\u7c7b\u578b<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5178\u578b\u7684\u8d77\u91cd\u673a\u7c7b\u578b\u5305\u62ec\u6865\u6881\u7ed3\u6784\u3001\u9f99\u95e8\u67b6\u3001\u5854\u67b6\u548c\u60ac\u81c2\u3002\u8d77\u91cd\u673a\u91d1\u5c5e\u7ed3\u6784\u7531\u6784\u4ef6\u3001\u677f\u6750\u548c\u578b\u6750\u6784\u6210\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6784\u4ef6\u6784\u6210\u57fa\u672c\u6784\u4ef6\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u4e3b\u6881\u3001\u7aef\u6881\u548c\u652f\u817f\u3002\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6784\u4ef6\u6784\u6210\u4e86\u6865\u6881\u3001\u9f99\u95e8\u67b6\u3001\u5854\u67b6\u548c\u60ac\u81c2\u7b49\u57fa\u672c\u8d77\u91cd\u673a\u7ed3\u6784\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"3-common-structural-and-component-terms\">3. \u5e38\u7528\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u7ec4\u4ef6\u672f\u8bed<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u4e3b\u6881\uff1a<\/strong> \u9ad8\u67b6\u8d77\u91cd\u673a\u6216\u9f99\u95e8\u8d77\u91cd\u673a\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u627f\u91cd\u6784\u4ef6\uff0c\u627f\u8f7d\u8d77\u91cd\u8f7d\u8377\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u817f\uff1a<\/strong> \u9f99\u95e8\u8d77\u91cd\u673a\u6216\u6c7d\u8f66\u8d77\u91cd\u673a\u7684\u652f\u6491\u6784\u4ef6\uff0c\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u7ef4\u6301\u6574\u4f53\u8fd0\u884c\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u6447\u81c2\uff1a<\/strong> \u60ac\u81c2\u5f0f\u8d77\u91cd\u673a\u4e0a\u7684\u56fa\u5b9a\u81c2\u6216\u4f38\u7f29\u81c2\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u63d0\u5347\u91cd\u7269\u548c\u8c03\u6574\u5de5\u4f5c\u534a\u5f84\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u63d0\u5347\u673a\u6784\uff1a<\/strong> \u8be5\u673a\u6784\u7528\u4e8e\u5782\u76f4\u5347\u964d\u91cd\u7269\uff0c\u7531\u7535\u673a\u3001\u9f7f\u8f6e\u7bb1\u3001\u6eda\u7b52\u3001\u5236\u52a8\u5668\u3001\u540a\u94a9\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u90e8\u4ef6\u7ec4\u6210\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u65c5\u884c\u673a\u6784\uff1a<\/strong> \u9a71\u52a8\u6574\u4e2a\u8d77\u91cd\u673a\u6216\u53f0\u8f66\u79fb\u52a8\u7684\u673a\u6784\uff1b\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u8f68\u9053\u5f0f\u7684\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u975e\u8f68\u9053\u5f0f\u7684\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u56de\u8f6c\u673a\u6784\uff1a<\/strong> \u4f7f\u540a\u81c2\u7ed5\u5782\u76f4\u8f74\u65cb\u8f6c\u7684\u673a\u6784\uff0c\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u5361\u8f66\u8d77\u91cd\u673a\u3001\u5c65\u5e26\u5f0f\u8d77\u91cd\u673a\u548c\u5854\u5f0f\u8d77\u91cd\u673a\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u5236\u52a8\uff1a<\/strong> \u7528\u4e8e\u505c\u8f66\u3001\u9650\u901f\u548c\u5b89\u5168\u4fdd\u6301\u7684\u5236\u52a8\u88c5\u7f6e\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u9650\u4f4d\u5f00\u5173\uff1a<\/strong> \u4e00\u79cd\u9650\u5236\u63d0\u5347\u9ad8\u5ea6\u3001\u884c\u7a0b\u8ddd\u79bb\u6216\u56de\u8f6c\u89d2\u5ea6\u4ee5\u9632\u6b62\u8fc7\u5ea6\u884c\u7a0b\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u88c5\u7f6e\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u8fc7\u8f7d\u9650\u5236\u5668\uff1a<\/strong> \u4e00\u79cd\u5b89\u5168\u88c5\u7f6e\uff0c\u5f53\u63d0\u5347\u7684\u8d1f\u8f7d\u8d85\u8fc7\u989d\u5b9a\u503c\u65f6\uff0c\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u5207\u65ad\u63d0\u5347\u52a8\u529b\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"load-and-force-terms\">\u8f7d\u8377\u548c\u529b\u9879<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"1-regular-loads\">1. \u5e38\u89c4\u8d1f\u8f7d<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8d77\u91cd\u673a\u6b63\u5e38\u8fd0\u884c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7ecf\u5e38\u4f1a\u53d7\u5230\u5e38\u89c4\u8f7d\u8377\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8f7d\u8377\u5305\u62ec\u91cd\u529b\u8f7d\u8377\u3001\u884c\u9a76\u6216\u5236\u52a8\u65f6\u56e0\u8d77\u91cd\u673a\u52a0\u901f\u6216\u51cf\u901f\u800c\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u60ef\u6027\u8f7d\u8377\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u8d77\u91cd\u673a\u94a2\u7ed3\u6784\u4f4d\u79fb\u6216\u53d8\u5f62\u5f15\u8d77\u7684\u8f7d\u8377\u3002\u5728\u8ba1\u7b97\u548c\u6821\u6838\u5f3a\u5ea6\u5931\u6548\u3001\u5f39\u6027\u5931\u7a33\u548c\u75b2\u52b3\u5931\u6548\u65f6\uff0c\u5e94\u8003\u8651\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8f7d\u8377\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5e38\u89c4\u88c5\u8f7d\u5305\u62ec\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u81ea\u91cd\u8d1f\u8377 PG\uff1a<\/strong> \u8d77\u91cd\u673a\u94a2\u7ed3\u6784\u3001\u673a\u68b0\u88c5\u7f6e\u3001\u7535\u6c14\u8bbe\u5907\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u8d28\u91cf\u7684\u91cd\u529b\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u989d\u5b9a\u8d77\u91cd\u8f7d\u8377 PQ\uff1a<\/strong> \u989d\u5b9a\u8d77\u540a\u91cd\u91cf\u4e0b\uff0c\u603b\u8d77\u540a\u8d28\u91cf\u6240\u53d7\u7684\u91cd\u529b\u3002\u5f53\u8d77\u540a\u91cd\u91cf\u8f83\u5927\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd8\u5e94\u8003\u8651\u8d77\u540a\u9644\u4ef6\u548c\u94a2\u4e1d\u7ef3\u7684\u91cd\u91cf\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u6c34\u5e73\u884c\u7a0b\u60ef\u6027\u8f7d\u8377 PH\uff1a<\/strong> \u8d77\u91cd\u673a\u6216\u5c0f\u8f66\u81ea\u8eab\u8d28\u91cf\u548c\u88ab\u540a\u8d28\u91cf\u5728\u6c34\u5e73\u9762\u4e0a\u7eb5\u5411\u6216\u6a2a\u5411\u8fd0\u52a8\u5e76\u52a0\u901f\u6216\u5236\u52a8\u65f6\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u6c34\u5e73\u60ef\u6027\u529b\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"2-accidental-loads\">2.\u610f\u5916\u8f7d\u8377<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u610f\u5916\u8f7d\u8377\u662f\u6307\u5728\u6b63\u5e38\u8fd0\u884c\u671f\u95f4\u4e0d\u5e38\u53d1\u751f\u4f46\u53ef\u80fd\u5076\u5c14\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u8f7d\u8377\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u4e3b\u8981\u5305\u62ec\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u503e\u659c Ps \u5f15\u8d77\u7684\u6c34\u5e73\u4fa7\u5411\u8377\u8f7d\uff1a<\/strong> \u5f53\u8d77\u91cd\u673a\u6216\u53f0\u8f66\u5728\u7eb5\u5411\u6216\u6a2a\u5411\u884c\u9a76\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u53d1\u751f\u503e\u659c\u65f6\uff0c\u5bfc\u5411\u88c5\u7f6e\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u8f6e\u7f18\u6216\u6c34\u5e73\u5bfc\u8f6e\uff09\u7684\u5bfc\u5411\u53cd\u4f5c\u7528\u529b\u6240\u5f15\u8d77\u7684\u8f7d\u8377\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u7b49\u7ea7\u8377\u8f7d Pp\uff1a<\/strong> \u8d77\u91cd\u673a\u6216\u53f0\u8f66\u6cbf\u8f68\u9053\u4e0a\u5761\u884c\u9a76\u65f6\u6240\u53d7\u5230\u7684\u963b\u529b\u3002\u539f\u6587\u63aa\u8f9e\u201c\u6cbf\u8f68\u9053\u201d\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5b58\u5728\u6587\u5b57\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u8fdb\u884c\u6280\u672f\u5ba1\u6838\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u5728\u5f79\u98ce\u8377\u8f7d Pw\uff1a<\/strong> \u6237\u5916\u8d77\u91cd\u673a\u5728\u4f5c\u4e1a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5e94\u80fd\u627f\u53d7\u7684\u6700\u5927\u98ce\u529b\u3002\u8d44\u6599\u6765\u6e90\u8fd8\u63d0\u53ca\u4e86\u51b0\u96ea\u548c\u6e29\u5ea6\u8f7d\u8377\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"3-special-loads\">3. 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